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Sand couch-grass Elymus farctus (Viv.) Runemark ex Melderis subsp. boreoatlanticus (Simonet & Guin.) Melderis is a species of psammophytic perennial grass which grows on low embryo dunes, less frequently on white dunes, on a sandy substrate which is rich in chlorides, with a neutral or alkaline pH. The occurrence of E. farctus subsp. boreoatlanticus was confirmed on the Polish Baltic coast only in six stands out of 20 quoted in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, and the species is classified as critically endangered (CR). One of the largest populations of that species is situated on the Wolin Island (the Baltic Sea, west coast of Poland). The population of this species was monitored between 2015-2017 in the habitat of initial white coastal dunes (Nature 2000 site, code 2110), where the sand couch-grass is a characteristic species of Honckenyo-Agropyretum juncei R.Tx. 1955 plant association. The results of the conducted research show that the main reason for the rapid decline of the population of Elymus farctus subsp. boreoatlanticus on the western coast of Poland is recreational use of beaches, which is growing in an uncontrollable manner and puts pressure on this habitat, followed by complete destruction of psammophilous and halophilous vegetation. In addition, impact from marine abrasion inhibits the development of white coastal dunes where E. farctus subsp. boreoatlanticus occurs, and intensive aeolian sand accumulation hinder the regenerative ability of shoots and significantly limit vegetative reproduction.
Field experiments were conducted to determine quizalofop-P-tefuryl (Pantera 040 EC) efficacy for control of couchgrass (E. repens) at crop rotation peas-spring cercals. The results showed that herbicides applied at 4-8 leaf stage of E. repens enhanced weed control effect. Subsequent treatments i.e. at 10- 12 leaf stage of E. repens were less effective. In the following years, the yield of spring cereals depended on efficacy of E. repens control in forecrop i.e. pea. Spring cereals (wheat and barley) gave better yield when higher level of E. repens control was observed.
W doświadczeniu szklarniowym przeprowadzonym w 1999 roku określono wpływ wprowadzenia do gleby suchej masy pędów nadziemnych i korzeni bobiku, grochu polnego, łubinu żółtego, wyki siewnej, owsa, gryki, gorczycy białej i rzepaku ozimego na wzrost pędów nadziemnych (liczba, wysokość i sucha masa) perzu właściwego. Wymieszanie gleby z suchą masą wymienionych roślin uprawnych (w ilości 20, 40, 60 g na 550 g gleby) prowadziło do zmniejszenia liczby pędów perzu właściwego o 4,1-38,1%. Wysokość i sucha masa chwastu była niższa po dodaniu do gleby pędów nadziemnych owsa i największej ilości wyki siewnej (o 18,0-60,7%) oraz korzeni rzepaku ozimego i gryki (o 21,6-60,7%). Wprowadzenie do gleby pędów i korzeni pozostałych roślin uprawnych stymulowało wzrost perzu właściwego, szczególnie zaś po dodaniu najmniejszych ilości pędów bobiku, grochu polnego, łubinu żółtego, wyki jarej, gorczycy białej, rzepaku ozimego oraz korzeni wyki jarej i łubinu żółtego. Uzyskane wyniki mogą być wykorzystane w integrowanych programach ograniczania zachwaszczenia perzem właściwym.
The purpose of experiment conducting on the field, weedy by Agropyron repens (L.) P. B. was established what is the degree of elimination of Agropyron repens plants from experimental plots by single Roundup spraying. The changes of the species composition on the fields with different clover-grass mixtures or with Phacelia tanacaetifolia Benth. were studied as well. The stand tables have been made in the first year of the conducting experiment, to determination the density of weeds, after different agricultural practices. It has been found the great elimination of Agropyron repens (L.) P. B. plants after Roundup spraying and the great density of Echinochloa crus- galli (L.) P. B. plants. It has been found the great density of Chenopodium album L. at VII treatment and Galinsoga parviflora Cav. at III, V, VII and VIII treatments as well (Table 1).
The aim of investigations was to understand the effect of application date (autumn and spring) of graminicides and their mixtures with adjuvant on efficacy of Elymus repens control and residue level in soil. Field experiments were carried out during 2007–2009 on arable field near Wrocław. Herbicides for E. repens control in winter oilseed rape (containing active substances such as: quizalofop-P-ethyl and fluazifop-P-buthyl) were applied alone at recommended dose and at reduced dose with adjuvant Atpolan Bio 80 EC, post emergence in the autumn and comparatively in the spring. In the experiments efficacy of E. repens control – per cent of weed control was evaluated and yield from each plot was calculated. Samples of soil were taken at harvest. All samples were analysed (herbicide residues) using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection and GLC with MS detection. The phytotoxic effects of all used herbicides (alone and with adjuvant) on winter oilseed rape were not observed. Graminicides used in the autumn controlled E. repens in 94–99% and applied in the spring in 93–99%. The yield obtained from the herbicide objects (autumn and spring applications) was statistically higher in comparison with untreated objects. At the harvest time, residues of quizalofop amounted to: for autumn application 0.0031–0.0064 mg/kg, for spring application 0.0050–0.0098 mg/kg. Fluazifop residues amounted to: 0.0052–0.0108 and 0.0096–0.0194 mg/kg respectively. The residue active substances of herbicides, after spring application were higher than determined after autumn application. Application of herbicides with adjuvant allowed to reduce a herbicide dose (without lost of weed control efficacy) and residue level in the oil.
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