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1

The co-existence of an aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery and a coronary myocardial bridge

100%

Sakuma E., Kato H., Honda N., Mabuchi Y., Soji T.

Folia Morphologica

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2005

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tom 64

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nr 2

109-114

We encountered the co-existence of an aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery and a myocardial bridge on the left anterior descending coronary artery in the cadaver of an 80-year-old Japanese woman during the course of educational dissection at Nagoya City University Medical School. We document the precise gross anatomical findings with some morphometric measurements. Neither an aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery nor the cardial myocardial bridge is a very rare anomaly, but a case of both anomalies being found in the same body is very rare. We believe this is the first report of the simultaneous occurrence of these two anomalies.

2

Woven coronary artery: a case report and literature review

100%

Yuan S.-M.

Folia Morphologica

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2013

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tom 72

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nr 3

Woven coronary artery is extremely rare. It is characterised by thin channels arising from the coronary artery and reanastamosis at the distal portion. A 62-year-old man was diagnosed of coronary artery disease. Coronary angiography showed 3-vessel coronary artery disease. The distal right coronary artery derived 3 twisting thin channels, and the inferior thin channel sprouted second-class thin channels, which then reanstomosed distally. He received off-pump coronary artery bypass. The present patient had woven coronary artery with a more complex configuration of thin channels different from the previously reported cases. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 3: 263–266)

3

The atrioventricular and ventriculoatrial branches of the human coronary arteries in relation to the type of arterial vascularization

100%

Krupa U.

Folia Morphologica

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1994

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tom 53

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nr 4

4

The impact of left main coronary artery morphology on the distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in its branches

86%

Ajayi N. O., Lazarus L., Vanker E. A., Satyapal K. S.

Folia Morphologica

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2013

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tom 72

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nr 3

Background: Atherosclerotic occlusion of a coronary vessel is the commonest cause of ischaemic heart disease. The distribution of atherosclerotic lesions is not random, with stenoses preferentially situated at branch ostia, bifurcation points, and the proximal segments of daughter vessels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the intrinsic anatomical properties of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) on the distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in its branches. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of 170 consecutive coronary angiograms obtained from the cardiac catheterisation laboratories of private hospitals in the eThekwini Municipality area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa was performed. The LMCA was absent in 19/170 (11.2%). The remaining angiograms (n = 151) were divided into two groups: normal 63/151 (41.7%) and those with coronary artery disease (CAD) 88/151 (58.3%). The CAD group was sub-divided into proximal 42/88 (47.7%), mixed (proximal and distal) 26/88 (29.6%) and distal 20/88 (22.7%) sub-groups based on the location of atherosclerotic lesions in the branches of the LMCA. Results and Conclusions: The mean length, diameter and angle of division of the LMCA were as follows: Total angiograms: 10.4 mm, 3.8 mm and 86.2°; normal group: 10.5 mm, 3.9 mm and 85.7°, CAD group: 10.2 mm, 3.7 mm and 86.3°; proximal sub-group: 10.9 mm, 3.7 mm and 91.6°, mixed sub-group — 9.8 mm, 3.7 mm and 85° and distal sub-group — 9.1 mm, 3.8 mm and 79.4°, respectively. The vessels with proximally located lesions were recorded to have longer lengths and wider angles of division than vessels with distal lesions. Coronary angiographic delineation of the LMCA anatomy may be predictive of a coronary arterial arrangement that may favour the progression of proximally located lesions. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 3: 197–201)

5

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Myocytes isolated from porcine coronary arteries: reduction of currents through L-type Ca-channels by verapamil-type Ca-antagonists

86%

Klockner U., Isenberg G.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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1991

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tom 42

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nr 2

Myocytes were enzymatically isolated from large epicardial arteries of the pig. In the cell attached configuration, we studied currents through L-type Ca-channels. At 22°C, open channel conductance was 9 pS with 110 mM Ba²⁺ and 24 pS with 110 mM Ba²⁺ as charge carrier. According to the life time of the open state, 2 ’modes’ of gating are distinguished; mode 1 contributed time constants shorter than 1 ms, mode 2 those longer than 6 ms to the open time distribution. Mode 2 openings appeared spontaneously, more frequently with Ba²⁺ than with Ca²⁺ as charge carrier. The Ca-agonist Bay K 8644 (0.5 pM) facilitated the appearance of mode 2. Bath application of the phenylalkylamine D600 (1 µM) did not change the gating modes, but it reduced the channel openness by increasing the percentage of blank records. With whole cell recordings, we studied reduction of Ica by 1 µM D 600 at 3.6 mM [Ca²⁺] and 35°C. At a holding potential of -45 mV, D600 induced an ’initial block’ of 35% (10% at -65 mV). Upon repetitive 1 Hz pulsing (170 ms to 0 mV) an additional, ’use-dependent’ block developed with time. More negative holding potentials attenuated reduction of Ica by D600, hyperpolarizations to -100 mV had an ’unblocking’ effect. In regard to reduction of Ica, we compared the partially uncharged D 600 (membrane permeable) with the completely charged compound D890 (membrane impermeable). When applied with the bath, 1 or 10 pM D 600 reduced Ica dose-dependently whereas D 890 was ineffective. When D890 was applied via the patch electrode to the cytosol, it reduced Ica. We discuss that D 600 enters the cell in the uncharged lipid soluble form and reaches form the inside its receptor associated with the Ca-channel.

6

Coronary arteries of the roe deer [Capreolus capreolus; Linnaeus 1758] heart

86%

Frackowiak H., Jasiczak K., Pluta K., Godynicki S.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2007

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tom 10

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nr 2

A study of the coronary arteries of the roe deer heart was performed on 21 hearts of animals of both sexes and various ages. The roe deer heart is supplied by two arteries: the left coronary artery and the right coronary artery. The left coronary artery arises from the left aortic sinus and forms a short common trunk. The left coronary artery reaches the coronary groove, then divides into the paraconal interventricular branch and the circumflex branch. The circumflex branch gives off several branches to the left ventricle wall and terminates in the subsinuosal interventricular groove as the subsinuosal interventricular branch. The right coronary artery is less pronounced than the left coronary artery. It arises from the right aortic sinus and enters the coronary groove as the right circumflex branch. We found the left arterial cone branch in 75% and the right arterial cone branch in 80% of the cases investigated. The coronary arteries of the heart run subepicardially. In 9 cases we found muscular bridges over the coronary arteries, mostly on the paraconal interventricular branch. In conclusion we affirm the left type of the arterial vascularisation in the roe deer heart.

7

Myocardial bridges in the human heart: morphological aspects

86%

Kosinski A., Grzybiak M.

Folia Morphologica

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2001

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tom 60

|

nr 1

The structures made of myocardium running most often above the coronary arteries are called the muscle bridges. However there is a large number of descriptions of that phenomenon, the data are not homogenous. Some papers affirm the occurrence of the clinical implications of their existence. The studied material contained 100 adult human hearts, both sexes, 21 to 76 years of age, preserved in formalin-ethanol solution. Standard anatomical methods were used in analysis with the help of a binocular magnifying glass. The presence of the bridges was confirmed in 41% of the researched material, most frequently above the anterior interventricular branch. The length of the bridges varies in the range of 2.3–42.8 mm, thickness 1.0–3.8 mm, angle between long axis of muscle fibres and long axis of the crossed vessel from 5° to 90°.

8

Arterial vascularization of the interatrial septum in the human heart in relation to the type of coronary ramification

86%

Krupa U.

Folia Morphologica

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1995

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tom 54

|

nr 1

9

Types of interventricular septal branches of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery in human hearts

86%

Kaletka Z., Mikusek J., Zembala M., Kuczmik W., Karmanski A.

Folia Morphologica

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1993

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tom 52

|

nr 3

10

Myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery in monkey hearts

86%

Teofilovski-Parapid G., Nikolic V., Oklobdzija M., Rankovic A., Mrvaljevic D.

Folia Morphologica

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1994

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tom 53

|

nr 1

11

Distribution of muscular bridges in the adult human heart

86%

Kosinski A., Grzybiak M., Skwarek M., Hreczecha J.

Folia Morphologica

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2004

|

tom 63

|

nr 4

Muscle bridges (MBs) are structures consisting of heart muscle tissue which pass above the coronary arteries and their branches. Although there are a relatively large number of descriptions of these MBs, researchers do not share a common view of the frequency of their occurrence, their location and their morphology, which remain the most controversial questions. The present research was carried out on 300 human hearts, adults of both sexes (161 male and 139 female), of between 21 and 76 years of age (mean age 48 years), in which no macroscopic developmental failures had been found. The hearts were preserved in formalinethanol solution. Selected coronary arteries were analysed. Images were examined of the perpendicular dissection of the coronary arteries and their neighbouring structures. On the basis of the analysis, the frequency of occurrence of MBs was defined as 31.3%. Muscular bridges were observed most frequently over the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery (RIA) and, more rarely, over the right marginal branch of the left coronary artery (Rmd) and the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (RCX). Using as criteria the number of muscular bridges in the heart and their location over particular coronary arteries, 4 types of configuration were established. With reference to the RIA, most MBs were located in the central part. We did not notice the same regularity with reference to other coronary arteries, nor did we observe MBs over coronary veins. Conclusions: muscular bridges are frequently observed structures in human hearts, most often seen over the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery (RIA), mainly over its central segments, and occasionally over other arteries. MBs may occur in the heart singly or in a greater number and are found over the same or different vessels.

12

Difficulties in the measurement of the contractile activity of arteries used as coronary artery bypass grafts after long-term vasodiltatory treatment

86%

Kleszczewski T., Modzelewska B., Kostrzewska A., Buzun L., Oleksza P.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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2002

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tom 07

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nr Suppl.

13

Dimension of circumflex branch according to type of heart vascularisation in foetal life of human

86%

Nowak D., Bozilow W.

Folia Morphologica

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2003

|

tom 62

|

nr 1

Typological differentiation of coronary arteries binds to various areas of vascularisation, which could suggest essential differences between vasculatory dimensions. There are not many papers analysing the influence of heart vascularisation on epicardial vessel dimensions during postnatal human life, furthermore, there are hardly any papers dealing with the prenatal period. The subject of examination was 188 human foetuses from 4th to 7th month of prenatal life. Foetuses were fixed for minimum 3 months in 9% formalin solution. They were taken from natural abortions and did not characterise any external malformations. There was a different number of foetuses in a variety of morphological age groups. Adachi classification was used to describe all types: type I — classical, with equal coronary arteries, type II — predominance of right coronary artery, type III — predominance of left coronary artery. Speed of circumflex branch growth in different types of vascularisation is various. Analysis of the differences among dimensions of artery in various types showed there are statistically crucial ones, especially between: types III and I or types III and II.

14

Distribution of myocardial bridges in domestic pig

72%

Kosinski A., Grzybiak M., Kozlowski D.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2010

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tom 13

|

nr 4

Localisation and morphology of myocardial bridges in the heart of domestic pig remain an open issue. Since these structures significantly influence haemodynamics in the coronary arteries, their occurance may lead to numerous pathologies. In the examined group of 150 domestic pig’s hearts, myocardial bridges were diagnosed in 47.3% of the material, mostly in males. In majority of cases the bridges were present above the posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery, less often above the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery, and seldom above other blood vessels. The presence of myocardial bridges usually referred to the medial and initial segments of the arteries examined.

15

Knowledge of coronary arteriosclerosis risk factors and their occurrence and the lifestyles of the first-year medical students

72%

Dabek J., Skorus P., Lepich T., Bajor G., Gasior Z.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2018

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tom 12

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nr 2

Background. Coronary arteriosclerosis risk factors increase the probability of the coronary heart disease and accompanying complications to a significant extent, acting independently from other circumstances. Material and methods. The study was conducted in a group of 250 students of the 1st-year medical studies, using an independently prepared questionnaire relating to the risk factors and particular lifestyles. Results. 1. Level of knowledge of the examined students on coronary arteriosclerosis risk factors: obesity - 250(100%); reduced physical activity - 240(96%); smoking - 230(92%); unhealthy diet - 223(89%); elevated LDL cholesterol concentration - 218(87%); arterial hypertension - 210(84%). 2. Incidence of coronary arteriosclerosis risk factors in students: strong family history - 75(30%); excessive stress - 50(20%); reduced physical activity - 190(76%); smoking - 55(22%), alcohol abuse - 95(38%). 3. Lifestyle of the examined group of students: eating fast-food – 180 (72%); drinking energetic beverages – 82(33%); “trying” and using drugs – 88(35%); insufficient amount of sleep – 190(76%). Conclusions. 1. Level of the examined students’ knowledge on coronary arteriosclerosis risk factors is satisfactory. 2. Despite the satisfactory level of knowledge on risk factors, their incidence in the tested group is significant. 3. Majority of the examined students live a healthy lifestyle.

16

An unusual crossed course of separately originating left circumflex and left anterior descending arteries with concomitant anomalies found in multi-slice computed tomography

72%

Czekajska-Chehab E., Staskiewicz G. J., Mazur-Stazka E., Drop A., Maciejewski R.

Folia Morphologica

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2005

|

tom 64

|

nr 4

334-337

Coronary artery anomalies occur in approximately in 1–2% of the population. The split origin of branches of the left coronary artery is a relatively common anomaly, usually with no significant observable impairment of cardiac function. The application of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) for cardiac imaging is increasing and becoming, along with other techniques, a recognised method of examination of the coronary arteries. In the case presented we observed in an ECG-gated MSCT the anomalous origin and proximal course of the arteries of the left sinus of Valsalva. The ostiae of both coronary arteries were located unusually: the ostium of the LAD was found posterior to the ostium of the LCx. Because of this, the proximal part of the LAD crossed the proximal part of the LCx superiorly. Furthermore, muscular bridges were found in the middle part and in the first diameter branch of the LAD. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a crossed course of the LCx and the LAD to be presented in the literature. Applications of MSCT in coronary imaging are presented in comparison with other diagnostic imaging methods. The advantages and limitations of MSCT as a diagnostic tool for anomalies of the coronary arteries are discussed.

17

An analysis of extramuscular branches of the coronary arteries in relation to size and weight of heart

72%

Zielinski K. W., Koktysz R.

Folia Morphologica

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1989

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tom 48

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nr 1-4

18

The effect of Iloprost [ZK 36374] on creatine phosphate, adenine nucleotides and superoxide dismutase activity in ischaemic canine myocardium

72%

Ogonowska-Kobusiewicz M., Kobusiewicz W., Michalak J., Ledwozyw A.

Archivum Veterinarium Polonicum

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1995

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tom 35

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nr 1-2

19

Prenatal development of coronary arteries in the rat: morphometric patterns

72%

Ratajska A., Fiejka E., Sieminska J.

Folia Morphologica

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2000

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tom 59

|

nr 4

The aim of this work was to address morphometric patterns of coronary artery (c.a.) development in the rat based on serial section analysis of hearts at different stages of prenatal development. Studies were performed on foetal hearts 15–21 days (ED) post-conception. Paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and frozen sections were labelled with Griffonia simplicifolia I (GSI) lectin (endothelial cell marker). Coronary arteries’ luminal diameters were measured at different distances from the aortic roots and the main c.a. branch lengths were calculated from serial sections. All measured values were compared to heart length and to foetal stages. On ED15 precursors of c.a. were distinguished as tubes running on both sides of the outflow tract. Below the aortic valves the tubes had the largest diameter. Formation and development of c.a. proceeded by elongation of vascular tubes distally, ramification and formation of the media and the adventitia. During the prenatal period the c.a. length increased approximately 14-fold, while heart length increased about 4-fold, and crown-rump length about 2.5-fold. The lumen of the proximal part of c.a. increased 4-fold during ED18–21. An increase in c.a. length is the fastest compared to the heart growth, and crown-rump growth during the foetal life.

20

Myocardial structures over the coronary arteries and their branches

72%

Aleksandrowicz R., Balwierz P., Barczak R., Stryjewska-Makuch G.

Folia Morphologica

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1993

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tom 52

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nr 4

Ograniczanie wyników

The co-existence of an aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery and a coronary myocardial bridge

Woven coronary artery: a case report and literature review

The atrioventricular and ventriculoatrial branches of the human coronary arteries in relation to the type of arterial vascularization

The impact of left main coronary artery morphology on the distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in its branches

Myocytes isolated from porcine coronary arteries: reduction of currents through L-type Ca-channels by verapamil-type Ca-antagonists

Coronary arteries of the roe deer [Capreolus capreolus; Linnaeus 1758] heart

Myocardial bridges in the human heart: morphological aspects

Arterial vascularization of the interatrial septum in the human heart in relation to the type of coronary ramification

Types of interventricular septal branches of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery in human hearts

Myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery in monkey hearts

Distribution of muscular bridges in the adult human heart

Difficulties in the measurement of the contractile activity of arteries used as coronary artery bypass grafts after long-term vasodiltatory treatment

Dimension of circumflex branch according to type of heart vascularisation in foetal life of human

Distribution of myocardial bridges in domestic pig

Knowledge of coronary arteriosclerosis risk factors and their occurrence and the lifestyles of the first-year medical students

An unusual crossed course of separately originating left circumflex and left anterior descending arteries with concomitant anomalies found in multi-slice computed tomography

An analysis of extramuscular branches of the coronary arteries in relation to size and weight of heart

The effect of Iloprost [ZK 36374] on creatine phosphate, adenine nucleotides and superoxide dismutase activity in ischaemic canine myocardium

Prenatal development of coronary arteries in the rat: morphometric patterns

Myocardial structures over the coronary arteries and their branches