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Effect of copper nanoparticles and copper sulfate administered in ovo on copper content in breast muscle, liver and spleen of broiler chickens. The initial experimental material included 300 hatching eggs of Hubbard Flex chickens. The eggs were divided into three groups: control, NanoCu and CuSO4. Eggs from groups NanoCu and CuSO4 were subjected to in ovo injection to the air cell of egg. Experimental solutions were administered by in ovo injection using a sterile needle and a 0.3 mL syringe as follows: NanoCu – colloid of copper nanoparticles, concentration 50 ppm; and CuSO4 – colloid of copper sulfate, concentration 50 ppm. The eggs were incubated under standard conditions. After hatching, 50 chicks were selected from each group for 42-day rearing. The birds were fed standard feed concentrates for broilers. In that last day of rearing (42 day), 12 females and 12 males were selected from each group. The right part of their breast muscle, their liver and spleen were collected for copper content determinations. Results of this experiment confirm previous scientific reports which demonstrate that the greatest accumulation of copper is observed in soft organs like liver or spleen.
Silybum marianum L. (Milk thistle) extracts are the main source of silymarin that is a mixture of various flavonolignan (silybin (silibinin), silydianin and silychristin). Silymarin of milk thistle has a hepatoprotective activity for liver cirrhosis and chronic inflammatory. Silybum marianum regeneration from hypocotyl explants and evaluation of their callogenesis, growth and total flavolignan (silymarin) upon copper sulphate (as abiotic elicitor) elicitation was targeted. Copper sulphate (CuSO4) was applied in concentrations of 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9 µM to elicit the silymarin production in cultures. The elicitation periods used in this study were 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days. Half-strength MS medium recorded better results relative to full-strength MS one and seed incubation in the darkness at room temperature resulted in rapid germination and reached to the gar lid after 10 days. Callus fresh and dry weights as well as growth index were gradually increased with increasing the copper sulphate concentration till 5 µM while decreased thereafter at any elicitation period. With the increase of the elicitation period, the increase of the previous parameters was observed. Flavonolignan (silymarin) was positively correlated with CuSO4 levels since all levels of copper sulphate significantly enhanced its content in relative to the control. Additionally, more silymarin was accumulated after 4 or 7 days and the accumulation significantly decreased when the elicitation period reached 14 days more. The highest silymarin (flavolignan) content (11.79 and 11.67 mg g–1 DW) was obtained when 5 or 7 µM copper sulphate levels were combined with 4 days elicitation period, being about five-fold of the control.
Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), a member of Lamiaceae family, is an important medicinal plant that has many useful properties. Copper is an essential micronutrient for normal plant growth and metabolism.The aim of this study was to examine the effects of copper sulphate and copper nanoparticles on morpho-physiological traits and essential oil composition of peppermint. Seven treatments of copper sulphate and copper nanoparticles in three concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/l) and control were applied in foliar application three times of the interval of 15 days up to flowering stages of peppermint in Karaj, Iran in 2015. Copper nanoparticles (1.0 g/l) increased chlorophyll content and essential oil percentage of 35% and 20% higher than control, respectively. The copper sulfate (0.5 g/l) increased dry matter yield up to 58% higher than control. The effects of treatments were significant on 17 out of 34 compositions. Copper nanoparticles (1.0 g/l) increased menthol, menthone and menthofuran content up to 15, 25 and 65% higher than in control, respectively. Foliar application of copper sulfate (0.5 g/l) and copper nanoparticles (1.0 g/l) in flowering stage were suggested for increase of dry matter production, essential oil content and composition, respectively.
At the first stage of the study the experimental material included 300 clutching eggs of Hubbard Flex chickens. The eggs were divided into three groups: control (without injection in ovo), Nano50 (in ovo injection of colloidal copper nanoparticles) and NanoCuSO4 (in ovo injection of colloidal nanoparticles of copper sulphate). Experimental solutions were administered by in ovo injection using a sterile needle 0.3 mm as follows: Nano50 group - colloid of copper nanoparticles (concentration: 50 ppm), and NanoCuSO4 group - colloid of copper sulfate (concentration: 50 ppm), to the air cell of the egg. The eggs were incubated under standard conditions. After hatching, 50 chicks were selected from each group for 42-day rearing. Birds were fed standard complete feed mixtures for broilers. On the last day of rearing (day 42), 12 females and 12 males were selected from each group and their blood was sampled for assays of hematological and biochemical markers. Hematological analyses included determinations of: WBC, RBC, Hb, heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils, whereas biochemical analyses included assays of the following markers in blood serum: glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, urea, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, ASPAT, and ALAT. The use of copper nanoparticles evoked an increase in blood levels of RBC, HGB, HTC, heterophils, monocytes and basophils. In addition, in blood serum in contributed to reduced concentrations of glucose and cholesterol and increased levels of selected microelements: calcium, phosphorus and iron.
The nucleic acid content in different tissues such as brain, liver, kidney & testis of both control and copper sulphate (CuSO4) exposed freshwater fish N. notopterus has been studied. The following observation is made in both control and copper sulphate (CuSO4) exposed fish. The testis contain large amount of DNA in comparison to other tissues. The degree of DNA content in control and copper sulphate (CuSO4) exposed fish testis >liver>brain>kidney. The RNA content also exhibited similar to that of DNA, having higher amount in the testis. The degree of RNA content in control and copper sulphate (Cuso4) exposed fish testis >liver>brain>kidney. The nucleic acid content of tissues get reduced under copper sulphate (CuSO4) exposed in the male freshwater fish N. notopterus indicating copper sulphate as a pollutant effect the nucleic acid content in the tissue.
In pot experiments, in spring 2006 and 2007, a comparison was made between the chelated and the mineral forms of copper on the yielding of lettuce and on the content of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe in lettuce leaves. Plants were grown in peat substrate supplemented with Cu doses of 5, 25, 50 and 75 mg∙dm⁻³. A greater mass of lettuce heads was obtained after the application of the mineral form of copper. In the range of doses: 5–50 mg Cu∙dm⁻³, the mean yields of lettuce did not differ. In the second year of studies, the application of copper chelates in the dose of 75 mg∙dm⁻³ caused a high reduction of yield. The mean copper content in lettuce, after the application of the chelated Cu form, was twice higher than after the use of the mineral Cu form. Iron content in lettuce after the application of copper chelates was higher than after the use of copper sulphate, while the contents of zinc and manganese were smaller.
Badano wpływ siarczanu miedzi oraz metylobromfenwinfosu (IPO-63) na kształtowanie się poziomu miedzi, żelaza, cynku i manganu w wątrobie szczurów w różnym czasie po intoksykacji pojedynczej i mieszanej. Oznaczanie ilościowe wymienionych pierwiastków przeprowadzono metodą spektrofotometrii absorpcji atomowej po uprzedniej mineralizacji badanej tkanki na mokro. Wykazano zróżnicowane oddziaływanie użytych związków na retencję miedzi, żelaza, cynku i manganu w wątrobie szczurów. Największe zmiany stwierdzono w poziomie miedzi, żelaza oraz cynku i były one uzależnione nie tylko od rodzaju użytego związku i dawki, ale również od sposobu intoksykacji.
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