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The paper deals with species diversity of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Guilan Province, Northern Iran. In total 22 species of 17 genera (Adoretus LAPORTE, Aethiessa BURMEISTER, Anomala SAMOUELLE, Aphodius ILLIGER, Blitopertha REITTER, Cetonia FABRICIUS, Glaphyrus LATREILLE, Gymnopleurus ILLIGER, Onthophagus LATREILLE, Oryctes ILLIGER, Oxythyrea MULSANT, Paroniticellus BALTHASAR, Pentodon HOPE, Polyphylla HARRIS, Protaetia BURMEISTER, Scarabaeus LINNAEUS, Valgus SCRIBA) were collected and identified. Protaetia funesta (MEN.) has been recorded from Iran for the first time.
In the modern civil engineering an important role play new materials like composites and laminates. In this paper the object of analysis is a behaviour of periodic, micro-laminated two-component elastic solids. The modelling question is how to describe both micro- and macro-response of linear elastic periodic laminate. In order to answer this question we propose a new model of the solid under consideration. In contrast to the higher-order homogenization model, [3,4], the model is based on some heuristic physical assumptions rather than on the formal asymptotic expansions. The main result is that under certain conditions the obtained model equations can be decomposed into equations describing behaviour of a laminate independently on a macro- and micro-level. This decomposition holds for the laminates with a weak transversal inhomogeneity which will be defined in the paper.
Skeletal muscle is highly adaptable, being capable of undergoing changes in its structural and functional properties in response to physiological stimuli. The fast-to-slow muscle fiber-type transition is evoked by increased motor nerve activity. Recently, the calcineurin (CaN) signaling pathway has been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of slow muscle fiber genes. Here we investigated the effect of treatment with a CaN-specific inhibitor, FK506, on skeletal muscle fiber-type transition in functionally overloaded muscles. The overloaded plantaris muscle showed fast-to-slow muscle fiber type transition, i.e., a decrease in myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIb, an increase in MHCIIa+d/x, and new expression of MHCI. In the FK506-administered group, however, overload-induced muscle fiber-type transition was completely prevented. We have demonstrated, therefore, that the CaN signaling pathway is required for fast-to-slow skeletal muscle fiber-type transition. Furthermore, we also confirmed that the protein expression levels of downstream effectors of CaN signaling exhibit a transient increase in the early phase of the overloaded condition.
A pot study was conducted to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomus mosseae and Paraglomus occultum) and salt (NaCl) stress on growth, photosynthesis, root morphology and ionic balance of citrus (Citrus tangerine Hort. ex Tanaka) seedlings. Eighty-five-day-old seedlings were exposed to 100 mM NaCl for 60 days to induce salt stress. Mycorrhizal colonization of citrus seedlings was not affected by salinity when associated with P. occultum, but significantly decreased when with G. mosseae. Compared with the non-mycorrhizal controls, mycorrhizal seedlings generally had greater plant height, stem diameter, shoot, root and total plant biomass, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance under the 0 and 100 mM NaCl stresses. Root length, root projected area and root surface area were also higher in the mycorrhizal than in the nonmycorrhizal seedlings, but higher root volume in seedlings with G. mosseae. Leaf Na⁺ concentrations were significantly decreased, but leaf K⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentrations and the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio were increased when seedlings with both G. mosseae and P. occultum. Under the salt stress, Na⁺ concentrations were increased but K⁺ concentrations decreased in the mycorrhizal seedlings. Under the salt stress, Ca²⁺ concentrations were increased in the seedlings with P. occultum or without AM fungi (AMF), but decreased with G. mosseae. Ratios of both Ca²⁺/Na⁺ and Mg²⁺/Na⁺ were also increased in seedlings with G. mosseae under the non-salinity stress, while only the Mg²⁺/ Na⁺ ratio was increased in seedlings with P. occultum under the salt stress. Our results suggested that salt tolerance of citrus seedlings could be enhanced by associated AMF with better plant growth, root morphology, photosynthesis and ionic balance.
Eleven tenebrionid species from ten genera, including: Adesmia FISCHER von WALDHEIM, Stenosis HERBST, Pimelia FABRICIUS, Crypticus LATREILLE, Dendarus DEJEAN, Pedinus LATREILLE, Gonocephalum SOLIER, Opatrum FABRICIUS, Blaps FABRICIUS and Laena LATREILLE, belonging to four subfamilies (Pimeliinae, Diaperinae, Tenebrioninae and Lagriinae) were collected in Arasbaran, Northwestern Iran. Ten species and one genus are new for Iranian fauna.
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Information on distribution and habitats of 176 bryophyte species revealed by a survey of the Wolin Island conducted during the 12th Bryological Workshop organised by the Bryological Section of the Polish Botanical Society is presented. The most interesting (rare, protected and threatened) are: Ctenidium molluscum, Dicranum viride, Frullania tamarisci, Leiocolea badensis, Orthotrichum pulchellum, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Zygodon stirtonii, Z. viridissimus.
The article is a first update of the list of liverwort localities published in A synopsis of liverworts occurring in the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians, Poland and Slovakia): checklist, distribution, and new data (Górsk i & Váňa 2014). It presents localities of 19 liverwort species collected during 2003–2014 in snowbeds in the entire area of the Tatra Mts. Moreover, for some species, localities from habitats other than snowbeds were given. Localities of the following liverworts are presented: Anthelia juratzkana, Cephalozia ambigua, C. bicuspidata, Diplophyllum taxifolium, Fuscocephaloziopsis albescens [= Pleurocladula albescens], Gymnocolea inflata, Gymnomitrion adustum [= Marsupella adusta], G. concinnatum, G. brevissimum [= Marsupella brevissima], Lophozia wenzelii, Marsupella boeckii, M. condensata, M. emarginata, M. sprucei, Moerckia blyttii, Nardia scalaris, Pseudolophozia sudetica [= Lophozia sudetica], Schistochilopsis opacifolia [= Lophozia incisa subsp. opacifolia] and Trilophozia quinquedentata [= Tritomaria quinquedentata].
New distribution data for 183 species, one subspecies and four varieties of bryophytes in the Świętokrzyski National Park are provided. The most interesting species (rare, protected and new for the area) are Anastrophyllum hellerianum, Buxbaumia viridis, Cephalozia catenulata, Dicranum viride, Lophozia ascendens, Mannia fragrans and Tetraplodon angustatus.
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