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Regions became the economic subjects which are competing in the globalized economic area. There are different factors determing the competitiveness of regions at the different stages of its development. There are 3 main development stages of a region by the classification of World Economic Forum - factor-driven stage, efficiency-driven stage and innovation-driven stage. The lower is the development stage of the region, the more competitiveness depends on the amount of production factors. In addition, the leading role at the highest stages of economic development is played by innovations.
The aim of the paper was to identify the changes in bilateral trade in agri-food products between the EU and China, as well as to assess – in mutual relations – ex post competitive advantages of major groups of agri-food products in 2008– 2015. The research is based on data from the Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat). The analysis covered the value, trade balance, shares in total trade and commodity structure of trade in agri-food products between the EU and China. Selected indices of revealed comparative advantage (XRCA, MRCA, RTA), Coverage Ratios (CR), Specialization Indicators (SI), and the indices of Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) were calculated for major product groups of the Combined Nomenclature. It was proved that bilateral trade in agri-food products between the EU and China has increased signifi cantly in 2008–2015, and the EU transformed from an importer to a net exporter. Despite the intensification of mutual trade, the importance of China in the EU export of agri-food products remained relatively small. The structure of bilateral trade in agri-food products between the EU and China is consistent with the distribution of comparative advantages obtained by exporters and it is shaped under assumptions of the theory of similarity of preferences, the theory of product differentiation of the Armington type, and the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson theorem of resources abundance. It can be considered that the Chinese agri-food sector is still in the stage of a factor-driven economy, while the agriculture and food industry in the EU countries has reached the stage of an innovation-driven economy.
Building a competitive region is a long-lasting and highly complex process. The achieved level of competitive advantage is significantly determined by a precise diagnosis of the region's initial state and by the adopted direction of changes. This publication aims to demonstrate that application of the strategic reflection method (or, more precisely, of its third stage) allows to effectively realize such a diagnosis. By using it, it is possible to obtain the picture of the region's current level of competitive advantage (as well as its prognosis), not only in the absolute categories, but also in the relative categories describing the varied value of the region for different groups wanting to use it. Besides the methodology of proceeding, a practical example is provided to demonstrate the technical aspects of the method's application, and, through the interpretation of obtained results, their value for the assessment of the region's competitive advantage.
The aim of the study is the attempt at estimating the level of the local government units’ involvement in a promotional activity through the Internet in the context of gaining a competitive advantage. The analysis is based on the case study of the commune Busko-Zdroj, employing actual data and a questionnaire interview which was conducted with the employees of the local government and the commune Busko-Zdroj. The use of online promotion has been examined against traditional methods of promotion which are in common practise by local government units. In the light of the conducted surveys, a certain diagnosis has emerged. It suggests to implement more extended promotional actions of the commune Busko-Zdroj on the Internet.
The study is an attempt to define role of countries from African, Caribbean an Pacific region in the EU agri-food trade and to examine the competitive position ofi agri-fiood products made in the EU on the markets of ACP group of states in years 2000-2008. Selected ex post indicators of competitive position were used in the paper.
The quality of banking services is strictly tied with customer satisfaction, since they define a final assessment about its level. A negative opinion is usually related with customer resignation of banking services, which stimulates financial institutions to identify customer needs and undertaking activities so that customers are most satisfied. Knowing the needs and requirements of customers, the bank tries to customize its entire internal organizational structure and define its market strategy. The important role of quality service in building a competitive advantage results from its impact on customer satisfaction.
The paper deals with the relevant, from the economic point of view, issue of competitiveness referred to the rural areas and the problem of their sustainable, constant and multifunctional development with regard to the National Development Strategy for years 2007-2015. The author presents different sorts of advantages which may be useful while implementing the idea of competitiveness on the rural areas. The problem is based mostly on finding such determinants which could reveal the chances for development, forming simultaneously the challenge for rural areas in terms of their competitive forces, i.e. strengths (assets), based on the local, endogenous potential.
Rural tourism, agritourism in particular, has been seen as an important and real way to improve economic and social situation of rural areas. Tourism services provide non-agricultural jobs and income brought to those areas by the urban dwellers. Growing number of agritourism farms, especially in the south-eastern part of Poland, increases needs for competitive advantages, to attract potential tourists specialized offer can consist such an adventage.
Present economic environment, which is rapidly changing, confronts companies, organisations and institutions with a problem how to protect a long — term competitiveness. A crucial factor is the quality of products and services. It means to bring new methods of management into practice, which is beneficial but these changes must not be autotelic. The main goal is to increase an efficiency, operationality and quality. In terms of modern instruments and methods of management we often meet with ideas like strategic management, TQM (total quality management), knowledge management, human resources management, learnig organisation, business intelligence, balance scorecard.
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