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1

Indirect effects in boreal ant assemblages: territorial wood ants protect potential slaves against enslaving ants

100%
Vaananen S., Vepsalainen K., Savolainen R.
Annales Zoologici
|
2010
|
tom 60
|
nr 1
The facultative enslaver Formica sanguinea Latr. uses as slaves F. fusca L. and other species of the subgenus Serviformica For. Earlier observations have shown or suggested that strong territorial wood-ant species, by defending their own territories, interfere with raids by F. sanguinea such that colonies of potential slave species gain protection against raids. At the population level, such protection should be visible as higher nest densities of F. fusca within than outside wood-ant territories, when both areas are within raiding distance of F. sanguinea. Here we tested this hypothesis by mapping nest densities of F. fusca. As expected, nest densities of F. fusca were higher within than outside wood-ant territories. In contrast, nest densities of two aggressive species, Lasius platythorax Seifert and L. niger (L.), unsuitable as slaves, were as expected lower within than outside wood-ant territories. Our results concur with earlier studies based on pitfall trapping, baiting experiments, and in situ observations on raids. The results also show that the positive impact of indirect protection provided by wood ants against raids may outweigh the direct negative impact of wood ants on F. fusca nesting within their territories. We discuss the geographic and habitat cooccurrences of wood ants, enslavers and potential slave species, and coverage of efficient indirect protection of potential slaves against raids.
2

Formica rufa L. protects indirectly F.fusca L. against raids of F.sanguinea Latr. [Hymenoptera: Formicidae]

84%
Czechowski W., Vepsalainen K.
Annales Zoologici
|
2001
|
tom 51
|
nr 3
By protecting their territory against all territorial ants, Formica rufa L. indirectly protected F. fusca L., nesting within their territory, against F. sanguinea Latr. raids. The permanent costs to F. fusca caused by highly aggressive F. rufa within their territories were outweighed by the benefits obtained by F. rufa’s protection against periodic raids of F. sanguinea. We interprete our findings in the light of the hierarchy competitive framework as follows.
3

Combining competition with predation: drastic effect of Lasius fuliginosus (Latr.) on subordinate ant species at the northern limit of its distribution

67%
Marko B., Czechowski W., Radchenko A.
Annales Zoologici
|
2013
|
tom 63
|
nr 1
During long-term field studies on division of space between the territorial ant species Lasius fuliginosus (Latr.) and Formica polyctena Först, in southern Finland a severe decrease in the abundance of subordinate ant species was observed within L. fuliginosus territory. As part of this study we analyze the extent of changes in subordinate ant species assemblage in the light of already documented cases of L. fuliginosus prédation on colonies of subordinate ants. The results showed that L. fuliginosus had a much stronger negative impact on co-occurring subordinate species, than the neighbouring rival F. polyctena. The hypothesis of hunger-induced myrmecophagy in this species is put forward, and is discussed as a possible competitive mechanism by which L. fuliginosus could shape ant assemblages within its territories.
4

Uncomfortable protection: Formica polyctena Forst. shelters Formica fusca L. from Formica sanguinea Latr. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

67%
Czechowski W., Marko B.
Annales Zoologici
|
2006
|
tom 56
|
nr 3
The wood ant Formica polyctena Först, is a territorial species, a regular top dominant of ant communities in forests. Its colonies defend their whole foraging areas (territories) against other territorial ants, including F. sanguinea Latr., a common facultative slave-maker. The most frequent ‘victim’ ol F. sanguinea is F. fusca L., a ubiquitous submissive ant species. On the basis of some earlier observations, the presumption was made that F. polyctena, when defending its own territories, would indirectly protect F. fusca colonies, which nest within these territories, from F. sanguinea raids. It was expected that F. fusca should be more abundant in F. polyctena territories, than in F. sanguinea territories, while other subordinate ants, which are not potential slaves of F. sanguinea, should not show such difference. This hypothesis was supported by the results of the baiting experiments carried out in the Białowieża Forest, NE Poland. The findings are discussed in the context of interspecific competition hierarchy in ants.
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