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Litter production is essential for transfer of energy and nutrients from plant to soil. This paper aims to relate the phenology of litterfall by common oak (Quercus robur L.) to specific climatic factors. Over three years, two natural stands of Quercus robur (Cerceda with latitude 43°11’N and longitude 8°28’W and Lourizán with latitude 42°25’N and longitude 8°40’W) near to fifty years old and located in Galicia, Northwest of Spain, were thoroughly studied in the period 1992–1994. The litter was collected in five litter traps (0.5 m wide, 20 cm high) located within a plot of 100 m². Annual litterfall values were similar in both stands, being approximately between 6 and 11 Tm·ha⁻¹ (dry weight); the southern stand showed a higher interannual variability. The leaf fraction accounted for the highest percentage of total litter production. Usually it represents more than 70% of annual production, but it has been exceeded by fruits production in the corresponding season (spring in the north and summer in the south). The climatic parameters that had the greatest influence on litter production were total precipitation and absolute maximum temperature with a correlation always higher than 65%. It allows to link litter production with climate parameters with an adjusted correlation coefficient around 70 %, even more in the south plot (Lourizán). With an easy ANOVA analysis it is possible to distinguish the season with greater litter production; it is the autumn in all cases except fruits production as was said above.
The study is an attempt to determine variation in the proportions of sapwood and heartwood in the radial and axial sections in stems of common oak (Quercus robur L.), representing the main tree stand (according to Kraft biosocial classification), age classes V (81-100 years) and VI (101-120 years), growing in the fresh mixed forest and fresh forest sites. Sample trees were selected according to Urich I method from four plots (of 1 ha each). For each model tree its crown projection area was determined. After felling all necessary biometric traits of tree stem and live crown were measured. Stems were divided into 2-metre sections, from which centres discs were cut in order to determine selected wood macrostructure parameters and volumes of sapwood rings and heartwood cylinders. Additional discs were cut from breast height and kerf planes of trees. When analyzing results for individual discs and trees arithmetic means of widths (or volumes) of studied wood zones were used. During the study the irregularities were determined of sapwood and heartwood zones in stems. Strong and plus interrelations were found between crown volume and crown projection area (as area of cylinder external surface) and sapwood area at the cross stem section, although some of the correlation coefficients were not significant. Large variation was observed in the proportions of volumes of sapwood and heartwood in individual Kraft’s biosocial classes. Differences were also found in sapwood and heartwood radial share between age classes, and rather small differences between forest site types.
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