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Effect of the brown coat-coding gene (TYRP-1) on wool and skin color of Żelaźnieńska and Wrzosówka sheep. The study was conducted on randomly chosen ewes (Żelaźnieńska sheep – 93; Wrzosówka sheep - 133) during the shearing. Color of wool and skin was examined using device Chroma Mater CR-400 (Konica Minolta Sensing Inc., 2011). Taking into account the results of genotyping in order to the brown coat-coding gene (TYRP-1), 66 Żelaźnieska ewes and 74 Wrzosówka ewes were chosen to next stage of study where effect of the brown coat-coding gene (TYRP-1) on wool and skin color was assessed within breed and between breeds. Based on the results significant and highly significant differences in all color measurements of wool and skin between tested breeds were found, which should be connected with different wool color in each breed. However, there is striking difference in color of wool and skin regarding to a* color parameter, which were exactly opposite. It probably means that proportion of red or green color in skin is different than in wool. Differences in color values of wool depending on TYRP-1 gene genotypes were observed only for Wrzosówka sheep. The measurement of L* color parameter made on wool was highly significantly higher in the case of CC and CT genotypes in comparison to TT genotype. However, in the measurement of a* color parameter, the situation is opposite and homozygote TT had higher values compared to the others genotypes. No differences between wool and skin color of Żelaźnieńska sheep and no differences in skin color of Wrzosówka sheep were found. The results of studies on wool color, depending on genotype of the TYRP-1 gene in Wrzosówka sheep, make possibilities to conduct breeding work in order to develop standards for coat color for this breed.
Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder with the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. The DSM-IV classification differentiates two AN types: the restricting type (AN-R) and the binge-eating/purging type (AN-BP). Leptin (LEP) levels can be thought of as a signal to the body of its energy reserves. The leptin receptor (including all its mRNA isoforms) is expressed in many tissues. Our aim was to discover the transcript expression profile of the LEP receptor-coding gene in the peripheral blood mononuclears in AN-R and AN-BP patients. Three young women suffering from Anorexia nervosa (one with AN-BP and two with AN-R) took part in the study, along with three non-anorexic subjects as our reference group. LEP receptor gene expression was examined using the oligonucleotide microarray method (HG-U133A, Affymetrix). The results were normalized using RMAExpress. Next, the accumulation analysis method was used (clustering). Hierarchical clustering resulted in three groups of separate clusters. The first group (cluster I) consisted of AN-R patients. The next group (cluster II) consisted of reference group patients suffering from different psychic disorders not related to eating disorders. Cluster III consisted of two patients — the first with AN-BP and the second with an adaptive disorder.
The study covered 97 Japanese quails of various genotypes of the protein referred to as preactin (PAK). The birds of AA genotype had a single, intensively stained, fast–migrating band; the BB genotypes had a single, slow–migrating, also intensively stained band, whereas the AB birds had two bands. The protein concentration, established basing on the area and height of peaks, was significantly higher in the BB homozygotes than in the AA ones, which appeared also in the form of more intensive staining of the slow–migrating band than that of the fast–migrating band of the AB heterozygotes. The differences, however, were insignificant. The protein level of heterozygotes in the sub–region, calculated as the sum of two bands, was more than 50% higher than in either of the homozygous forms. The differences, confirmed statistically, can demonstrate that the genotype determining the proteins influences the expression of the genes coding particular proteins.
Because of the antimicrobial role that defensins play in humans and animals, genes encoding these peptides may be considered as molecular markers of a genetically determined susceptibility (or resistance) of the mammary gland to mastitis. Records were gathered of daily milk yield, fat, protein, and lactose content of milk, and milk somatic cell count (SCC) of 217 lactating Black-and-White cows. To determine the defensin gene polymorphism, DNA was isolated from blood and the RFLP method with enzyme TaqI was used. Twenty different polymorphic systems were revealed, possibly representing variants of genes encoding different defensins. Statistical evaluation included cows with more than seven records, and showing the 2.5% frequency of combined defensin genotypes (CDGs). In this way 13 different CDGs of 204 cows appeared available for statistical evaluation. CDGs significantly affected all dairy performance traits studied, as well as SCC. The important message from these results is that the defensin(s) may probably be used as genetic marker(s) in the breeding programmes aiming at selecting highly productive dairy cattle with increased resistance to udder infections.
Z kłączy cantedeskii odmian ‘Mango’, ‘Treasure’, ‘Black Magic’ z objawami miękkiej zgnilizny, wyizolowano bakterie tworzące szaro-białe kolonie na pożywkach King B i agar odżywczy z sacharozą. Fenotypowa charakterystyka tych bakterii umożliwiła ich zaklasyfikowanie do rodzaju Bacillus. Ponadto analiza sekwencji fragmentu genu kodującego 16S rRNA badanych bakterii wykazała, że należą one do gatunku Paenibacillus polymyxa. Badane izolaty wykazały aktywność pektynolityczną w testach na pożywce CVP i plastrach bulw ziemniaka. Ocena patogeniczności wykonana na odciętych ogonkach liściowych cantedeskii wykazała, że powodują one gwałtowną zgniliznę tkanek już po 24 godzinach od inokulacji. Z pogranicza zdrowej i chorej tkanki reizolowano bakterie o takich samych cechach fenotypowych, jak bakterie użyte do inokulacji. Jest to pierwsze doniesienie o Paenibacillus polymyxa jako sprawcy miękkiej zgnilizny na kłączach cantedeskii.
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