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The method for confirmatory analysis of clazuril, decoquinate, diclazuril, halofuginone, lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin, narasin, niearbazin, robenidine, salinomycin, and semduramicin in eggs has been developed and validated. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, purified on Oasis HLB SPE columns and analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The validation, performed according to the EU requirements, proved that the method enables the confirmation of coccidiostats in eggs at the levels required in the official control of residues (CCα in the range of 2.92-178 µg/kg, depending on the coccidiostat). The within-laboratory reproducibility (CV in the range of 6.1-29.3%) is also acceptable. The method was successfully verified in the proficiency test and implemented in the national residue control plan.
Two simultaneous experiments were carried out in a breeding farm of New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) to determine the feasibility of replacing coccidiostats with garlic and oregano preparation. The research took place during June and July, the period of the greatest threat of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae). In one investigation, 40 rabbits aged 1–3 months were divided into four groups of ten animals: Group A being a control which received no coccidiostats in feed, Group B receiving the coccidiostat Baycox in water once at weaning, Group C receiving the coccidiostat robenidine in feed, and group D receiving herbal extracts in feed. In the second trial, six mated females were allocated equally to three groups analogous to A, C, and D above during pregnancy and lactation. Bulk stool samples were collected from each group of rabbits at weekly intervals for coproscopic analysis, and the production results of the animals were recorded. In the young rabbits, both the faecal coccidia oocyst counts and body weight gains were more favourable in group D than the remaining groups. Also, the female rabbits of group D were the least infected. The results demonstrate that garlic and oregano feed additives exert a positive influence on the level and course of coccidia infection, with regard to maintaining a good level of animal productivity, and these herbal extracts appear to have potential value in coccidiosis prophylaxy.
Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp. is a common parasitic disease posing a serious problem in pigeon keeping. The aim of the study was to determine the species composition, the degree of coccidia infection and the effect of the coccidiostat used in the course of the disease in two pigeon lofts located in the West Pomerania province. The material for the study came from 180 birds. A total of 330 faecal samples were investigated with two methods: Willis- Schlaaf’s (qualitative) and McMaster’s (quantitative). The pigeons were given the Baycox (Bayer) coccidiostat with toltrazuril as an active substance. The medicament was administered for two days at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight at three-day intervals. Three species of protozoa were isolated: Eimeria labbeana, E. columbarum, E. columbae, and the infections were mixed. The occurrence of E. labbeana was most commonly reported, which was shown, depending on the pigeon loft and the age of the birds, in 89–93% of young pigeons and in 63–55% of adults. The species E. columbarum and E. columbae were found less frequently. Baycox coccidiostat proved to be highly effective against coccidiosis in pigeons and may also be used in prophylaxis.
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