Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Repeatability and within-cluth variation in egg dimensions in a Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix population

100%

Zduniak P., Antczak M.

Biological Letters

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2003

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tom 40

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nr 1

2

Repeatability of egg dimensions within the clutches of Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus

100%

Surmacki A., Stepniewski J., Zduniak P.

Acta Ornithologica

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2003

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tom 38

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nr 2

The variation in size and shape of Bearded Tit eggs was investigated in the Wielkopolska Region of western Poland in 1988-1992 and 1997-2000. The mean clutch size was 5.47 (95% CL: 5.25-5.70, n = 99), and differed markedly from year to year. Coefficients of variations for the mean egg characteristics in a clutch ranged from 1.91 (breadth) to 4.90 (volume). No significant correlation between egg length and breadth was found. Repeatability estimates were 0.50, 0.48, 0.50, 0.47 for length, breadth, volume and elongation index, respectively. The results suggest a relatively low heritability of egg dimensions in the population studied.

3

Variation in the timing of reproduction and clutch size of Afrocanarian blue tits Cyanistes teneriffae ultramarinus in the Saharan Atlas of Algeria

84%

Adamou A.-E., Kouidri M., Banbura A., Ouakid M. L., Chabi Y., Banbura J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 4

We examined the variation in the date of the onset of egg laying and clutch size in three peripheral populations of the Afrocanarian Blue Tits Cyanistes teneriffae ultramarinus at the edge of the species and subspecies geographic range. This study was carried out in three study sites, 130–290 km apart, in similar geographic conditions of the South Border Range of the Saharan Atlas in Algeria. Mean altitudes of nesting territories were between 1327 and 1437 m a.s.l. Habitats of the study sites were covered by the secondary, human-modified vegetation, ranging from a maquis shrubland, with the Holm oak Quercus ilex shrubs to woodlands dominated by the Atlas cedar Cedrus atlantica or by the Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis. 169 wooden nest-boxes were monitored for breeding parameters (laying dates and clutch sizes) during the breeding seasons 2007–2009 and 2011–2013. The timing of egg laying was relatively late for the latitude of the study sites, with overall mean laying dates varying between the study sites from 4 to 13 May. The laying date was influenced by the altitude of nesting sites, with the dates being delayed with increasing altitude. Overall mean clutch size differed between the study sites from 5.91 at Djelfa to 8.43 at Aflou. Clutch size tended to decrease with the advance of the breeding season. Because the study populations inhabit areas of similar physical conditions (climate and altitude), the main inter-population source of variation in the breeding parameters studied was probably variation in habitat quality.

4

Clutch and egg size variation in the coot Fulica atra breeding on fishponds in eastern Poland – test of the optimal egg dimensions hypothesis

84%

Polak M.

Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. Ser.A Vertebrata

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2010

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tom 53A

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nr 1-2

5

Long-term variation in laying date and clutch size of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca in Central Poland

84%

Skwarska J., Kalinski A., Wawrzyniak J., Markowski M., Mikus W., Banbura M., Gladalski M., Zielinski P., Banbura J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 1

Long-term annual variation in the timing of egg laying, clutch size and relationship between clutch size and the progress of the season was analysed for the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca nesting in a mature deciduous woodland in central Poland in 2002–2010. The earliest mean egg laying date was 8 May (2005) and the latest 18 May (2008), resulting in the maximum difference of 10 days between averages for years. No long- term trend was found. The total average of annual mean laying dates was 12 May. For all nine years the average of annual mean clutch sizes was 6.54 ± 0.28 (SE) eggs; for individual seasons mean clutch size ranged from 6.0 to 7.1 eggs but differences among years were not significant. Clutch size clearly tended to decline with the progress of the breeding season within years, with some variation between years; correlation for pooled standardized data was –0.49. This supports the idea that in long-distance single-brooded passerine birds clutch size should decrease with the course of the breeding season due to progressively deteriorating food conditions.

6

Clutch size variation in agile frog Rana dalmatina on post-mining areas

84%

Solsky M., Smolova D., Dolezalova J., Sebkova K., Vojar J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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tom 62

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nr 4

Clutch size is an important life history trait in amphibians, and it varies among and within species, populations and individuals. Within a population, its variation has been attributed to a positive relationship between females’ age or size and their fecundity as well as to spatio-temporal differences in environmental conditions. Therefore, clutch size has been shown to be both spatially and seasonally variable. We examined spatial and seasonal clutch size variation based upon two years of study involving 160 clutches of the Agile Frog Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840 in 14 ponds within one spoil bank in the Czech Republic’s North Bohemian brown coal basin. The overall mean clutch size was 1295 (SD 596), which is one of the largest that has been reported. However, both clutch size and its variance differed considerably between the years. Clutch size also varied among the ponds. We found no relationship between clutch size and the distance of a breeding pond from alluvial forest, a typical wintering habitat. Despite existence at the site of many suitable reproduction habitats, the spoil bank does not offer the complex of all habitats needed for persistence of the R. dalmatina population. To protect that population, it is necessary to preserve not only breeding ponds on the spoil bank but also alluvial forest and, most importantly, the connectivity between these two crucial habitats.

7

Egg size variation in the Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis in the Bialowieza Forest [NE Poland]

84%

Mitrus C., Rogala B.

Acta Ornithologica

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2001

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tom 36

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nr 1

445 eggs of the Collared Flycatcher from 82 clutches were measured during three breeding seasons (1997-1999). The mean length was 17.82 ± 0.80 mm, breadth — 3.45 ± 0.37 mm and volume — 1.65± 0,14 cm³. Egg dimensions were positively correlated. No significant differences in egg sizes during the three seasons were found. This suggests that the environmental conditions in the Białowieża Forest during the study period did not change or had no influence on egg size. Laying sequence had no influence on egg dimensions; only egg length depended on clutch size. Some characteristics of the females did affect the size of eggs: heavier birds and those with longer tarsi laid larger eggs. Older females did not lay significantly larger eggs than younger females. In conclusion, egg size in the Collared Flycatcher from the Białowieża Forest appears to be influenced more by the characteristics of the female than by environmental conditions..

8

The breeding performance of the Common Buzzard Buteo buteo and Goshawk Accipiter gentilis in Central Poland

84%

Goszczynski J.

Acta Ornithologica

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2001

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tom 36

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nr 2

Both the Buzzard and the Goshawk nested mainly in pines. The mean clutch size in the former was 2.8, in the latter 3.6 eggs per breeding pair. There were statistically significant differences in clutch sizes in the Buzzard in particular breeding seasons. The mean number of hatchlings was 2.3 in the Buzzard and 2.6 in the Goshawk. Brood losses were similar in both raptors —19% in the Goshawk and 24% in the Buzzard. The breeding success (the ratio of the number of fledglings to the clutch size) in the Buzzard was highest in clutches of 3 and 4 eggsy whereas in the Goshawk a similar level of success was achieved with smaller clutches (2 or 3 eggs). Only in the case of the Buzzard there were significant differences in clutch sizes and numbers of fledglings in the various years. In this species the mean number of fledglings was positively correlated with the rodent availability index in a given year. There was no such relationship between the abundance of prey items found in Goshawk nests and the number of fledglings. The correlation between the number of newly-fledged Buzzards and Goshawks in a given year could have been due to diet overlap between the two species.

9

Breeding biology of the Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix in Warta River valley [W Poland]

84%

Zduniak P., Kuczynski L.

Acta Ornithologica

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2003

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tom 38

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nr 2

The study area (16 km2) in "Ujście Warty" National Park, W Poland — was the valley of a lowland river at its confluence with the River Odra, covered by a mosaic of grassy vegetation and willow scrub. 111 breeding attempts were recorded during 2000-2002. The mean nest density (3.2 nests/km2) was higher than that recorded by other authors in agricultural landscapes, but lower than in urban areas. The nest construction was adapted to fit young willow trees. The mean clutch size was similar to that recorded in other populations (4.43), but eggs were smaller (41.2 mm x 29.1 mm). The hatching success was lower (76%) in comparison with other studies, but the mean number of fledglings (2.15 per nest and 2.96 per nest in successful broods) was relatively high. The main reasons for losses were unhatched eggs, predators, starved nestlings and poor nest construction. We hypothesise that the smaller egg size and lower hatching success recorded in this population was due to unfavourable and unpredictable feeding conditions (floods) during the period of egg formation and egg laying. Later in the season, receding floodwaters laid bare areas suitable for foraging on invertebrates; waterfowl eggs also became readily available. Predation was low (lack of nonbreeding stock of Hooded Crow). As a result of good conditions during chick rearing, the overall reproductive output was relatively high in comparison with other populations.

10

Breeding biology of the Great Grey Shrike [Lanius excubitor]: an analysis of nest record cards

67%

Olborska P., Kosicki J. Z.

Biological Letters

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2004

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tom 41

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nr 2

147-154

11

Breeding success and timing of the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca nesting in natural holes and nest-boxes in the Bialowieza Forest, Poland

67%

Czeszczewik D.

Acta Ornithologica

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2004

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tom 39

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nr 1

Broods of Pied Flycatcher nesting in natural tree holes and nest-boxes in Białowieża Forest (E Poland) were compared. Natural holes in primeval stands of the Białowieża National Park were located by following singing males, then monitored several times during the season. Nest-boxes situated in the managed part of the forest were inspected weekly. Flycatchers breeding in natural holes started laying eggs on average two days later (15 May) and laid smaller clutches (6.4 eggs) than birds breeding in nest-boxes (13 May and 6.7 eggs). The predation rate was significantly lower in natural holes (av. 47%) than in nest-boxes (av. 65%). This result indicates that generalisations regarding the evolution of adaptations to predation by nest-box populations should be treated with caution.

12

Nest quality in relation to adult bird condition and its impact on reproduction in Great Tits Parus major

67%

Alvarez E., Barba E.

Acta Ornithologica

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2008

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tom 43

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nr 1

3-9

Birds' nests are special structures built with reproductive aims. Size and structure of the nest can arise from evolutionary trade-offs between benefits such as the insulation from unfavourable conditions, maintenance of eggs or chicks, or security against predation, and costs such as energy spent in construction of the nest and the risk of predation in more visible nests. Therefore, building a good nest is beneficial in terms of reproductive output but expensive in terms of time and energy, so probably only "good" parents would be able to build "good" nests. Our objective was to study possible relationships between the quality of the parents and the quality of the nest, and between the quality of the nest and breeding performance in a Great Tit Parus major population. We found positive relationships between different components of the nest quality and components of breeding performance. However, we did not find any significant relationship between quality of the parents and that of the nest. A weak, though significant positive correlation was found between female size and breeding success rate.

13

Changes in breeding phenology and performance of Wood Warblers Phylloscopus sibilatrix in a primeval forest: a thirty-year perspective

67%

Wesolowski T., Maziarz M.

Acta Ornithologica

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2009

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tom 44

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nr 1

The reproductive behaviour of Wood Warblers was studied in a primeval forest area in the Białowieża National Park (E Poland). Observations carried out during twelve seasons (1976-1979, 1985-1988, 2002-2005) in deciduous and coniferous old-growth habitats spanned a 30-year period. The present paper examines whether the birds advanced their breeding dates during that time and whether any long-term shifts in fecundity or productivity were detectable. Though temperatures in the settlement period (the second half of April) rose, neither males nor females significantly advanced their dates of arrival. Wood Warblers bred earlier in 2002-2005 than in the two previous periods — the combined effect of earlier female arrival and shortening of post settlement breaks. Clutch size declined with season, was smaller in the coniferous habitat and in rodent outbreak years, but no long-term trend was perceptible. Apart from two exceptionally successful years (2003 and 2004) breeding losses remained high during the whole study. Predation was responsible for 80-95% of them and was concentrated on the nestling stage. Overall Wood Warbler phenology and breeding performance in BNP have changed relatively little during the last 30 years. These findings support the results of other studies demonstrating the remarkable resilience of this primeval forest biota to environmental change.

14

Variation in the relationship between lay date and clutch size in three cavity-nesting woodland passerines

67%

Goodenough A. E., Elliot S. L., Maitland D. P., Hart A. G.

Acta Ornithologica

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2009

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tom 44

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nr 1

Clutch sizes of many single-brooded birds decrease as the breeding season progresses. This decrease is usually quantified using data from several years, an approach that would mask any annual variation. We used 15 years of data from 295 nestboxes occupied by Blue Tit, Great Tit and Pied Flycatcher to determine whether the strength of the relationship between lay date and clutch size is consistent, or whether it varies annually. Both lay date and year were strong predictors of clutch size for all species. However, Generalised Linear Modelling revealed an interaction between lay date and year in the prediction of clutch size, indicating that the strength of the relationship between lay date and clutch size varied between years. Multilevel modelling was used to establish proximate factors that may be responsible for annual variability. Factors affecting the relationship between lay date and clutch size were species-specific. For Blue Tits, seasonal decline in clutch size was steepest when the density of all cavity-nesting species was high (47% variance explained). For Great Tits, decline was steepest in "early" seasons, particularly when density was high (32% variance explained), and for Pied Flycatchers, decline was steepest in warmer years (33% variance explained). Thus annually variable factors appear to influence not only breeding phenology and clutch size individually, but also the relationship between these variables.

15

Clutch size and breeding performance of Marsh Tits Parus palustris in relation to hole size in a primeval forest

67%

Wesolowski T.

Acta Ornithologica

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2003

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tom 38

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nr 1

16

The breeding ecology of the Greenfinch Carduelis chloris in urban conditions [study in Krotoszyn, W Poland]

67%

Kosinski Z.

Acta Ornithologica

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2001

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tom 36

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nr 2

Data were collected in a medium-sized town. During five years 342 nests were found. The densities of breeding pairs varied over this period between 4.5 and 5.9 p/10 ha. The distribution of breeding pairs was uneven throughout the study area. The preferred nest sites were the roadside trees, where 88.9% of the nests were built. The mean onset of egg-laying was 22 April (range 19-26 April). There was a tendency to start breeding earlier in warmer springs. The mean clutch size was 5.07 ± 0.74. There was a positive correlation between clutch size and the date of egg-laying. These data suggest that there was a compromise between the tendency towards earlier breeding and clutch size. In the study area the Greenfinch is a double-brooded species. Unlike other studies it was noted that the average clutch size increased in the second half of the breeding season. The maximum clutch size coincides with the second or replacement clutches. Hatching, fledging and breeding success were lowest when clutch sizes were largest. The nesting success estimated with the Mayfield and the "traditional" method was approximately similar (0.40 and 0.44 respectively). Cats and mustelids were probably the cause of most breeding failures. Corvids were not responsible for nesting failures.

Ograniczanie wyników

Repeatability and within-cluth variation in egg dimensions in a Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix population

Repeatability of egg dimensions within the clutches of Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus

Variation in the timing of reproduction and clutch size of Afrocanarian blue tits Cyanistes teneriffae ultramarinus in the Saharan Atlas of Algeria

Clutch and egg size variation in the coot Fulica atra breeding on fishponds in eastern Poland – test of the optimal egg dimensions hypothesis

Long-term variation in laying date and clutch size of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca in Central Poland

Clutch size variation in agile frog Rana dalmatina on post-mining areas

Egg size variation in the Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis in the Bialowieza Forest [NE Poland]

The breeding performance of the Common Buzzard Buteo buteo and Goshawk Accipiter gentilis in Central Poland

Breeding biology of the Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix in Warta River valley [W Poland]

Breeding biology of the Great Grey Shrike [Lanius excubitor]: an analysis of nest record cards

Breeding success and timing of the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca nesting in natural holes and nest-boxes in the Bialowieza Forest, Poland

Nest quality in relation to adult bird condition and its impact on reproduction in Great Tits Parus major

Changes in breeding phenology and performance of Wood Warblers Phylloscopus sibilatrix in a primeval forest: a thirty-year perspective

Variation in the relationship between lay date and clutch size in three cavity-nesting woodland passerines

Clutch size and breeding performance of Marsh Tits Parus palustris in relation to hole size in a primeval forest

The breeding ecology of the Greenfinch Carduelis chloris in urban conditions [study in Krotoszyn, W Poland]