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Padma 28 is a combination of Tibetan herbs that is very often used in the western medicine. The present standard of modern phytotherapy requires controlled clinical studies to determine the therapeutic value of herbal preparation. In our review we present controlled clinical studies of Padma 28 in patients with intermittent claudication, juvenile chronic arthritis, multiple sclerosis and angina pectoris. In all the studies safety and tolerability levels were very high. We try also to discuss possible mechanisms of activity of this herbal product.
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Experimental studies as an inspiration for clinical investigation

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This study represents an attempt of showing own author's example of using basic research data as an inspiration for the clinical studies. The project evaluates the role of gastrin in colorectal carcinogenesis as well as the differences of its action in proximal and distal colon. Colonocytes were isolated from Fischer-344 rats and incubated for 2 minutes with gastrin (10-8M). This treatment resulted with 60-70% rise in tyrosine kinase (Tyr-k) and 150-200% - in phospholipase C activity as regards to basal levels. In vivo infusion of gastrin for 5 days to Fischer-344 rats resulted with 90-150% increase in distal but not proximal colonic mucosal proliferative activity as well as tyrosine phosphorylation of several colonic mucosal proteins. In clinical study, the mean fasting gastrin level in the control group was significantly lower (p<0.01) than in patients with colorectal cancer before surgery. Mean plasma gastrin level in patients with distal tumor yielded 105,31 ± 12,5 µ U/l and was significantly higher than in patients with the proximal tumor site (42, 2 ± 3,1 µU/l) (p<0,001). We conclude, that Tyr-k is involved in the mechanism of the trophic action of gastrin, particularly in distal colon. The differences in gastrin concentration in patients with distal and proximal tumors may probably contribute to the distinct pathogenesis and biological properties of those cancers.
Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), similarly to other Galliformes, are particularly susceptible to infection by Mycobacterium avium. Peafowl differ from other Galliformes in the clinical image of the infection, with dominating respiratory signs. Occurrence of severe and sustained dyspnoea in peafowl raises suspicion of mycobacteriosis, which, however, is not always easy to confirm. In the cases described here, mycobacteria were detected in direct swabs from the trachea of two individuals, and cultures were conducted on the Löwenstein-Jensen medium. In one individual, no mycobacteria were found in tracheal swabs stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen method, despite the presence of clear clinical signs. The fourth case was a young bird submitted for necropsy. The cause of death was a mechanical trauma, but scarce caseous nodules typical of mycobacteriosis were found in the liver, spleen and lungs. The Mycobacterium avium isolates obtained from those cases were compared using (CCG)4-based PCR. A high similarity of three isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium was observed, two of which were derived from peafowl originating from the same farm, while the isolate from the fourth bird differed significantly and was identified by sequencing as Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
Nervous system growth factors have extensive effects on neuronal function and survival. Nerve growth factor (NGF) prevents the death and stimulates the function of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in correlational models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), leading to its translation to Phase 1 and 2 human clinical trials. Separately, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) infl uences the survival and function of entorhinal cortical and hippocampal neurons in several animal models of AD, including transgenic mutant APP-expressing mice; aged rats and lesioned rats; and aged and lesioned primates. These benefi cial effects appear to occur independent of alteration in beta amyloid load. We are currently examining the extended safety and tolerability of BDNF gene delivery to the entorhinal cortex in additional animal studies, potentially leading to specifi c targeting of short term memory loss in future human AD trials. This talk will review the history and current status of growth factor gene delivery in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD) is still a significant health problem among dogs of so called predisposed breeds where this disease is revealed even among 30% individuals of the whole population. The present results were obtained by two clinics and deal with CHD occurrence among the most frequently and predisposed breeds in Olsztyn and Siemianowice Śląskie/ Upper Silesia, Poland. Radiographs of hip joints were described using Riser's method. Altogether 2279 dog were examined including 2113 animals which were analysed. The German Shepherd Dog was the prevalent breed found in both clinics, but CHD was not common in this breed. In the Olsztyn Clinic, the most numerous group affected by CHD was Neapolitan Mastiff (60%), while in the Siemianowice Slaskie Clinic, dysplasia dominated in Bernese Mountain Dog (46%).
A continuous 2-year volumetric aerobiological survey was conducted in Berhampore town, a centrally located and representative part of West Bengal, India. The aim of the study was to assess the allergising potential of airborne pollen grains of West Bengal. A total of 31 pollen types were identified of which Poaceae (grasses) pollen showed maximum frequency, followed by Cyperaceae, Cassia sp., Acacia auriculiformis, etc. The seasonal periodicities of the pollen types and their relationship to meteorological conditions were investigated. It was found that the pollen concentration is positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity. Clinical investigations by skin prick test were carried out to detect allergenicity of pollen types. Eighteen common airborne pollen types induced positive responses of which pollen extracts of Saccharum officinarum (grass), Azadirachta indica, Cocos nucifera, Phoenix sylvestris, Cyperus rotundus and Eucalyptus citriodora showed strongest sensitising potential. This result is consistent with previous investigations in different parts of West Bengal.
The case of a 12-year-old boxer dog, with an infiltrating tumour in cardiac base and dilated cardiomyopathy was described. Morphological and biochemical examinations of the blood, ECG, and USG of the heart were performed. In the resting ECG record, atrial fibrillation was detected with rapid action of ventricles. Echocardiography demonstrated distension of all cardiac cavities and a decreased contractility of the left ventricular myocardium. Despite intense treatment, the condition of the dog deteriorated: anaemia and renal insufficiency appeared and asphyxia intensified. At the owners' request, the dog was subjected to euthanasia. On autopsy, a tumour in the cardiac base was detected, which infiltrated the left atrial wall. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry permitted to diagnose neoplastic hypertrophy of chemodectoma type.
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