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The paper discusses the notion of a layer of sandy sediments overlying a substratum of cohesive deposits in the coastal zone. This layer of sand is generally more mobile and is therefore conventionally referred to as the dynamic layer. Its parameters are important to coastal lithodynamic and morphodynamic processes caused by waves and currents. On the other hand, the dynamic layer is formed by nearshore hydrodynamic impact. The variability of the features of the dynamic layer on the southern Baltic dune and cliff shores in Poland is analysed on the basis of selected geological data supported by local seismo-acoustic field investigations. It appears that the conventional notion of the dynamic layer makes sense only in specific geomorphologic conditions. In such cases, mostly related to cliff shores, theoretical modelling of sediment transport should take the properties of the dynamic layer into account.
Communities of bees (Apiformes) were studied in the Wolin National Park in 2002-2003. The Park is located on the island of Wolin in northwestern Poland, at the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. In total, 133 bee species were recorded there in various habitats. This study shows that the major role in protection of bee communities is played by xerothermic and sandy grasslands. They are distinguished by the highest species diversity of Apiformes, including Anthophora bimaculata and its nest parasite Ammobates punctatus (rare in mainland Poland). In contrast, coastal grey dunes support mostly bumblebees, including cuckoo bumblebees.
The thermal regime of a phonolite scree slope on Klíč Mt., North Bohemia, Czech Republic, was monitored by miniature data loggers. The spiders were collected throughout the entire scree field area and on the adjacent cliff. In 2005 and 2006, the mean internal temperatures at the lower margins of the scree slope were 0.1 and 0.5°C, whereas the mean external ambient temperatures were 6.8 and 7.2°C, respectively. The difference, therefore, is 6.7°C. The long-term cooling of the basal portions, along with the winter heating of the central and upper parts of the scree, are the most specific microclimatic phenomena. The boreomontane species inhabit the extremely cold vents at the lower margins of the scree slope. Species of alpine origin inhabit the middle portions of the scree slope. Six thermophilous species inhabit the sun-exposed rock margins of Klíč Mt., which is nearly at the uppermost limit of their vertical distribution in the Czech Republic.
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