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Improving the monacolin K to citrinin production ratio in red yeast rice by an X-ray-induced mutant strain of Monascus purpureus

100%
Kanpiengjai A., Mahawan R., Pengnoi P., Lumyong S., Khanongnuch C.
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
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2018
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tom 99
|
nr 2
2

Effects of Penicillium mycotoxins: citrinin, ochratoxin A, and patulin on in vitro proliferation of bovine lymphocytes

100%
Stec J., Rachubik J., Szczotka M., Kuzmak J.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
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2008
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tom 52
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nr 1
In the presented study, ochratoxin A (OTA), patulin (PAT), and citrinit (CIT), three prevalent mycotoxins of Penicillium species, were evaluated for their response of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated in vitro by the mitogens: phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The cultures of PBMC were assayed after 3-day incubation using ³H-thymidine uptake and the MTT bioassay. The concentrations of mycotoxins necessary to reduce the proliferatve response of PBMC by 50%, for PHA, Con A, and PWM as measured by ³H-thymidine incorporation were as follows: OTA - 0.35, 0.78, and 0.51 µg/ml; PAT - 0.12, 0.20, and 0.10 µg/ml; CIT - 1.46, 1.35, and 1.25 µg/ml, respectively. The concentration of mycotoxins causing 50% inhibition of PHA, Con A, and PWM stimulated PBMC proliferation by the MTT bioassay were for OTA - 1.69, 1.80, and 1.85 µg/ml; PAT - 0.64, 0.48, and 0.55 µg/ml; and CIT - 12.3, 10.04, and 10.9 µg/ml, respectively. According to this study, proliferative effect as measured by ³H-thymidine incorporation was more sensitive test than MTT bioassay and the PAT was the most potent inhibitor of PBMC proliferation while CIT was the less effective to the cultured cells.
3

Effects of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, patulin, citrinin, and zearalenone on the in vitro proliferation of pig blood lymphocytes

80%
Stec J., Zmudzki J., Rachubik J., Szczotka M.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
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2009
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tom 53
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nr 1
129-134
The effects of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), ochratoxin A (OTA), patulin (PAT), citrinin (CIT), and zearalenone (ZEA) on in vitro response of pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mitogen concanavalin A was assayed after three days of incubation using ³H- thymidine uptake. Dose response curves for each mycotoxin were generated and the concentrations producing 50% inhibition of cell proliferation (IC₅₀) were estimated. AFB₁, OTA, and PAT were the most potent toxins with the IC₅₀ of 0.06, 0.17, and 0.19 µmol/L, respectively (0.2, 0.7, and 0.3 µg/mL, respectively). Based on the molar concentration, the inhibition potencies relative to that of AFB₁ were determined. OTA had 35% and PAT 31% potency to that of AFB₁, but CIT and ZEA had only 1.6 and 1.9 of AFB₁ inhibition potencies.
4

The influence of mycotoxins exposure on human and animal health

61%
Sztanke K., Pasternak K., Kulik T.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2004
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tom 13
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nr Suppl.2, Part 1
Mycotoxins are the secondary fungal metabolites, which cause toxic effects on human and animal organisms. They are frequent food contaminants. The most common route of exposure to mycotoxins is ingestion, but it may also involve dermal, respiratory and parenteral routes. These metabolites are produced by various fungal and mould strains like Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. The most prominent mycotoxins are aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, ochratoxins, fumonisins, patulin, citrinin, alternariol and its monomethyl ether, gliotoxin and beauvericin. There are several diseases, which are mycotoxin-related. Mycotoxins cause acute and chronic intoxications (mycotoxicoses), allergies and tumours. They may demonstrate genotoxic, mutagenic, cytotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic properties. Some of them cause strong estrogenic effects and infertility. The others are immunosuppressive, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic. Taking into account wide range of mycotoxins toxic effects on living organisms, it is established that these compounds are the one of main factors influencing human and animal health.
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