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The aim of this study was to investigate the ovaries’ structure in bitches with HC/pyometra complex disease. The description of the hormonal disturbances responsible for the etiopathogenesis of this disease syndrome were based on the expression of the nuclear ER and PR receptors and the cytoplasm alfa-inhibin expression. The microscopic examination of ovaries of bitches with uterus diseases revealed the presence of the simultaneous changes in the ovarian intertitium. This was manifested by the appearance of the so called secondary interstitial cells. The main features of these cells’ microscopic structure were the yellowish, lipid loaded cytoplasm. Their nuclei expressed PR receptors or ER receptors, and all of them expressed faint cytoplasm alfa-inhibin receptors. The number of the so called secondary interstitial cells increased with the degree of uterus pathological lesions. The hypothetic mechanism of the endocrine disturbances as a cause of ovarian changes as well as their supposed relation to etiopathogenesis of endometrial cystic hyperplasia and pyometra complex in bitches were discussed.
The use of exogenous steroids, including gestagens, risks several adverse effects. One of them is cystic endometrial hyperplasia (hyperplasia glandularis cystica). Estrogens stimulate the endometrial development of progesterone receptors. Progesterone and gestagens influence the hyperplasia, proliferation and secretion of endometrial glands, creating the conditions for the emergence of cysts of different sizes with partial leucocytic infiltration. Endometritis-pyometra-complex and mammary tumors are the most common pathologic findings in bitches and queens treated with gestagens. Additionally, hyperglycemia and acromegaly have been observed. These side effects are found to be mainly due to induced GH production in the mammary gland and mediated by IGF-1. The other described adverse effects are adrenocortical suppression, hepatopathy, congenital malformations, prolonged pregnancy, behavioral disorders and local alterations. In some animals in which gestagens were administrated prolactin release increases when gestagen concentration decreases.
The endometrium of the uterus is a highly dynamic structure in terms of its changes during the various stages of the sexual cycle. These changes are the result of cyclical fluctuations in the concentrations of steroid hormones and local factors of an auto – and paracrine – nature. This condition indicates that the causes of degenerative processes of the uterus must be sought not only in disorders of the hormonal profile and bacterial infections but also disorders at the molecular level. Factors that may play a key role in the formation and development of various pathologies of the female reproductive system include growth factors and their receptors (growth factors – GFs). Discussing these growth factors in the work may provide useful molecular markers that identify pathological conditions of the endometrium. Subject to expression in the endometrium, they are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration and secretion of the glandular epithelium, they also regulate physiological and pathological angiogenesis, revealing strong pro-inflammatory effects. In this research, the authors present an overview of current scientific reports indicating that changes in the expression of studied factors, and thus disturbances in their effects, may constitute one of the causes of pathogenesis within the uterus in many animal species.
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