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Unfavorable light conditions in urban areas are one of the most important cause of inappropriate grass communities condition. The possibility to detect the plant stress caused by shade is an important element in shaping the environment. The answer to following questions: what is the ability to detect the stress caused by shade in chosen lawn varieties of Perennial ryegrass by using the chlorophyll a fluorescence (O-J-I-P test) and which of tested varieties has the best properties to create grasslands in reduced light conditions is the aim of this work. Two-factor experimental micro-plot was conducted with three varieties and three different shadowing variants. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements were provided and were compared to leaf density. Our results explored significant difference between selected varieties in the terms of their photosynthetic apparatus adaption to light conditions. During May, all tested varieties were characterized by the rise of all fluorescence curve points under lower light intensity. The largest changes under shade conditions were noticed for the variety ‘Taya’. During next months a declining trend of photosynthetic effi ciency for this variety was observed. On the basis of our results, we assume that each variety has unique threshold and needs of light intensity.
Urban environments create unfavourable conditions for tree growth, particularly for street trees, thus, the selection of tree species to severe growth conditions tolerance is of high importance. In our research, the chlorophyll a fluorescence technique was applied to monitor the physiological state of young trees of 8 species and cultivars growing in a street environment in Warsaw. Trees growing 2-3 m away from a road were compared to others growing minimum 8 meters away. Most of the measured parameters concerning photosynthesis, i.e. F0 and FV/FM revealed satisfying values in Acer campestre, Gleditsia triacanthos, Platanus x hispanica cv. Acerifolia and Pyrus calleryana cv. Chanticleer and close proximity to a road had no negative effect on the photosynthetic apparatus. Roadside trees of Ginkgo biloba, Tilia cordata cv. Greenspire and Tilia x europaea cv. Pallida often revealed higher F0 values and lower FV/FM values than the control trees. The results allowed us to distinguish the tolerant species growing under harsh streetside environmental conditions. The chlorophyll a fluorescence technique was found to be a convenient and rapid method for application in in situ experiments.
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