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Primary producers are able to strongly affect calcium budget in hardwater lakes. The relative contribution of phytoplankton and charophytes to water decalcification (by precipitation of calcium carbonate) is, however, unclear. In this study we checked the effect of natural phytoplankton community and a charophyte (Nitellopsis obtusa) on the decline of calcium concentration in experimental outdoor conditions. The experiment was carried out in original lake water and two variants of enrichment with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus to test the changing efficiency in decalcification by both primary producers. At low nutrient concentrations, N. obtusa was responsible for calcium decline in original lake water by 12 mg Ca+2 dm–3 during 20 days of experiment. In these conditions the effect of phytoplankton was negligible. In lake water enriched with nutrients, the exponential growth of phytoplankton led to the decrease of calcium concentration from initial 35 mg Ca+2 dm–3 to 9 mg Ca+2 dm–3 in the same time period. The maximum effect of N. obtusa was the same as in original lake water but manifested itself earlier to decline in the end of experiment. Supersaturation of water with calcium carbonate was always more than threefold and saturation index reached 27 in mixed cultures of phytoplankton and N. obtusa in lake water enriched with nutrients. In this context we hypothesise on a possible role of charophytes as nucleation sites necessary for calcite precipitation. Based on our own and literature data we also discuss expected immobilisation of phosphate incorporated in calcite precipitated by the growth of phytoplankton and N. obtusa.
Effect of growing media on macro- and microelements, as well as on chlorophyll concentration in Phalaenopsis orchids were investigated. In the years 2006–2008, an experiment on Phalaenopsis orchids cultivation was carried out. The plants were planted into New Zealand sphagnum moss, mixture of expanded clay pellets and New Zealand sphagnum moss (v:v = 1:1), or into expanded clay pellets only. Orchids were grown in translucent plastic pots. Total macro and micro elements concentration in leaves and roots were determined. Furthermore concentrations of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves and roots were measured. Growing media exert a significant influence on the nutritional status of Phalaenopsis orchids. The highest concentration of magnesium, iron and copper was found in plants grown in expanded clay, less in orchids grown in the mixed medium and the least in plants grown in sphagnum moss. A higher concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and manganese was found in leaves. Inversely, in roots, there was a higher concentration of magnesium, iron and zinc. Growing media did not affect chlorophyll concentration in leaves and roots of Phalaenopsis.
The effect of the new growth stimulator with the cytokinin nature Ivin was investigated at the parameters of growth, blooming and chlorophyll concentration of the leaves of Callistephus chinensis (L.) Ness. plants. The researched plants grow under the impact of industrial and exhaust fumes. The intensification of the growth processes of the treatment plants in comparison with untreated was established. The processed specimens enhance height, the number of side shoots, quantity of the leaves and their area as well as the area of the total assimilation plants surface with increasing of the vegetative mass of the plants accordingly. At the same time, the number of inflorescences and their average diameter increase. There was no significant difference in essential influence of the biostimulant upon the plants of Callistephus chinensis between breeds “Viktoria Sharlachovaya” and “Strausovo pero Rubinovaya” with the exception of some variables (total assimilation surface). The concentration of chlorophyll in leaves of Callistephus chinensis plants increases under spraying by Ivin. The rising occurs originally after spraying seedlings due to chlorophyll, after the third treatment (flower-bud formation) – due to both forms of chlorophylls was established, as well as the breed specific reaction of plants was determined. The novelty of this work consists in the investigation of the influencing the growth stimulator on the development of the ornamental flower plants in the conditions of environmental pollution. The treatment of this preparation is appropriate for stimulation of growth and intensity of bloom of the ornamental flower plants of urban territories.
Badania prowadzono na holomiktycznym Jeziorze Wulpińskim położonym w okolicach Olsztyna. Próbki pobierano w okresie cyrkulacji jesiennej 2007 r. i wiosennej 2008 r. nad głęboczkami obu jego zatok i porównano w danymi wcześniejszymi. Zbiornik składa się z dwóch części: eumiktycznej tomaszkowskiej (459 ha, 22 m) i bradymiktycznej barwińskiej (246 ha, 54,6 m) oddzielonych od siebie przesmykiem o długości ok. 60 m i głębokości 3,8 m. Podzlewnie obu zatok różnią się wielkością i sposobem użytkowania. Część tomaszkowska jest bardziej narażona na presję turystyczną i w 62,7% użytkowana rolniczo, natomiast w podzlewni barwińskiej pola i łąki stanowią 46,3%. Znalazło to odzwierciedlenie w uzyskanych wynikach badań: akwen tomaszkowski charakteryzowała niższa widzialność krążka Secchiego (1,5–1,75 m), wyższe stężenie chlorofilu a (23,25– –26,19 mg ∙ m–3) i feofityny (60,11–64,77 mg ∙ m–3), większa ilość materii organicznej allochtonicznej i wyraźna tendencja wzrostowa tego parametru w naddennej warstwie wód. W puli azotu ogólnego dominowała forma organiczna (85–99%).
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