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The aim of the study was to determine the polyphenol profile and antioxidant ac­tivity of eleven apple cultivars harvested from an orchard in Garlica Murowana (Po­land). 'Antonowka', 'Red Boskoop', and 'Winter Goldparmine' had the highest anti­oxidant properties of all the cultivars studied. The profile of polyphenols was different in individual cultivars. In all the studied fruits, though, it was shown that (-)epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and chlorogenic acid essentially outnumbered other compounds quantitatively. The apple cultivars recommended for manufacturing apple preserves are presented.
7
84%
The aim of our study were qualitative and quantitative analyses of two polyphenolic acids: chlorogenic and gallic acids. These compounds were determined in two species of Rhodiola: R. kirilowii and R. rosea. After collecting plants, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared. In order to identify analysed polyphenolic compounds ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS, Waters) was used. Gallic acid is commonly found in the roots of these plants. Aqueous extract in both species is a rich source of gallic acid. The UPLC-MS/MS studies allow to use this analytical method for determination of polyphenolic acids accordance with the requirements of ICH. Chromatographic method developed by our team is more precise then previously published.
The present study examined the correlation between phenolic acids and flavonoids with high and low yield traits of rice. It was observed that the difference of phenolic contents among the tested rice lines occurred only at the vegetative stage. The concentrations of phenolic acids were higher in the high yield cultivars than low yield varieties at the vegetative stage, but they either decreased dramatically or disappeared during the development stage. Caffeic acid was found only in high yield, whereas chlorogenic acid was detected only in low yield rice. Sinapic acid was the dominant phenolic acid in high yield cultivars at vegetative stage (3.7 mg/g), followed by ferulic acid (1.2 mg/g). These findings suggested that caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and chlorogenic acid may play a particular role in forming yield components in rice. The cultivar B3 contained high amount of sinapic acid may be used as a natural source for pharmaceutical use.
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori) is an edible herbaceous perennial plant that plays an important economic role in Mediterranean agriculture. In recent years, extensive research, which aimed to characterize the phenolic profile of the most important globe artichoke cultivars in Italy, has been conducted. However, very little information is available on the phenolic composition of cultivars traditionally grown in Spain. In this work, six cultivars (‘Opal’, ‘Symphony’, ‘Concerto’, ‘Madrigal’, ‘Blanca de Tudela’ and ‘A-106’) cultured in Spain were characterized according to their phenolic content. The phenolic profile differed between cultivars, and also between flower parts. The major phenolic compound in all the different cultivars was chlorogenic acid. Of the six studied cultivars, ‘Madrigal’ had the highest phenolic content.
Introduction: Callus and cell suspension cultures are widely applied in investigation of production of highvalue secondary metabolites, which may be used as cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Plant cell cultures are promising alternative to intact plant sources for the production of plant-derived drugs of industrial importance. Objective: The aim of the study was to (i) initiate the cell suspension culture of Chaenomeles japonica from homogenous and uniform callus, (ii) stabilize the selected line and (iii) verify its ability to produce the desired groups of secondary metabolites – pentacyclic triterpenoids and polyphenols. Methods: To establish a cell suspension culture, stabilized and homogeneous callus was selected. Cell cultures were systematically passaged every 2 weeks to fresh liquid medium with the same composition. Biomass from cultures at the growth phase and stationary phase was designated for phytochemical research. UHPLC-DAD-MS analyzes were performed. At the same time, their macroscopic and microscopic observations were carried out. Results: Cells of suspension culture line A2 were characterized by the intense divisions. Cell culture extracts (both from the growth phase and stationary phase) contained pentacyclic triterpenoids. In addition, phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid and proanthocyanidins type B) and in a small amount also epicatechin are present in the extract of the cells harvested from the growth phase. In the present studies, three pentacyclic triterpenoids were detected and quantified in the extracts of cell suspensions and callus line A2. Ursolic and oleanolic acids were the main triterpenoids in the studied extracts. The cell suspension culture from the growth phase exhibited the highest content of ursolic, oleanolic, and betulinic acid (separately and together). Conclusion: The cell suspension culture of Chaenomeles japonica is a promising source of pentacyclic triterpenoids.
The effect of methyl jasmonate (MJ) vapors on content of phenolic compounds: free phenolic acids, total quercetin, and total phenolics in etiolated buckwheat seedlings were studied. The data presented show that low concentration of MJ (10-8 M) had no influence on trans-cinnamic acid (CA), but stimulated the accumulation of chlorogenic acid in hypocotyls and cotyledons of buckwheat seedlings. A moderate dose of MJ (10-6 M) did not change the level of chlorogenic acid in the hypocotyls and cotyledons, but CA synthesis was promoted in cotyledons, whereas in hypocotyls no significant effect was found. Highest concentration of MJ (10-4 M) caused small decline of CA in hypocotyls, but large stimulation of the acid production in cotyledons was noted. MJ had stimulatory effect on caffeic acid forming, but inhibited synthesis of vanillic acid in hypocotyls and cotyledons. Lowest concentration of MJ (10-8 M) elicited accumulation of quercetin glycosides in both studied tissues of buckwheat seedlings, however at higher doses (10-6 and 10-4 M) did not affect the flavonol level. The obtained results suggest that nonequivalent influence of methyl jasmonate on the phenolics composition can be a result of various mechanisms of MJ uptake, transforming and/or its translocation in buckwheat hypocotyls and cotyledons. Decline of anthocyanins level in buckwheat hypocotyls caused by MJ cannot be explained by enhanced accumulation of quercetin glycosides or free phenolic acids, but probably by synthesis of other unknown phenolic compounds.
Herba Polonica
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2009
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tom 55
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nr 1
7-13
Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus /Rupr. et Maxim./ Maxim.) is a shrub native to north-eastern Asia. Underground parts of this plant are classified as a drug with adaptogenic activity. Eleutherosides are regarded as main active compounds of this plant. The studies on cultivation and raw material quality of eleuthero were undertaken in the Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. The content of eleutherosides B and E and phenolic acids in the raw materials were determined by HPLC. The total content of eleutherosides B and E in the dried rhizomes with roots exceeded considerably the content of these compounds required by the British Pharmacopoeia (80 mg/100 g). In the raw material of two-, three- and four-year-old plants it amounted to 104.7, 167.4 and 292.4 mg/100 g, respectively. The content of eleutherosides in the bark of woody stems was almost twice as high as the content of these compounds in the rhizomes with roots. Both rhizomes with roots and bark of woody stems were characterised by high content of phenolic acids, especially chlorogenic acid (849.8 and 421.0 mg/100g, respectively).
The influence of vegetation period length of cardoon plants (Cynara cardunculus L.) on herb yield and its pharmacological value conditioned by chemical contents in air dried herb was examined in the research. The research conducted in the years 2009–2011 included valuation of total phenolic acids as equivalent to caffeic acid, flavonoids and tannins content in plants during their vegetative growth. The effect of the vegetation period length on cardoon plants yield was observed. The content of polyphenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic and cynarine) was marked with a performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The contents of biologically active compounds depended on plants age – the most phenolic acids were noted in herb harvested from plants 120-days and 150-days old (1.86–2.58%). Herb obtained from plants of different age contained from 0.38 to 0.43% flavonoids. More tannins were accumulated in young cardoon plants after 90–120 days of cultivation (3.72–3.43%) in comparison to plants 150-days old (3.25%). The content of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and cynarin in cardoon herb depended on length of vegetation period of plants. The content of phenolic acids in leaves increased with time. Values of correlation coefficients indicate significant correlation of total phenolic acids and tannins content in cardoon herb. The higher content of total phenolic acids the lower content of tannins (R = -0.88). Strong correlation was noted between the content of total phenolic acids and the content of chlorogenic acid (R = 0.67) and caffeic acid (R = 0.78). On the basis of the results of the presented work it could be stated that cardoon leaves are a valuable material for herb industry.
Five potato cultivars were grown in a micro-plot field experiment (under conditions of natural infection by pathogens). In experimental treatments, potatoes were treated with Trifender WP, whereas control plants were not treated with growth regulators. A greenhouse experiment, conducted simultaneously, involved three treatments: 1. control (no biostimulant treatment, no inoculation), 2. inoculation (potato plants inoculated with P. infestans), 3. Trifender WP+inoculation (soil and foliar application of Trifender WP followed by inoculation with the pathogen 2 days after the last treatment). The research material was potato petioles, in which changes in the concentration of analyzed chlorogenic acids were determined using the Waters Acquity UPLC technique. In comparison with the control treatment, higher concentrations of the 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), 4-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA) and 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA) were found in potatoes treated with Trifender WP, and in cultivars with blue-purple and red-colored flesh than in those with yellow and cream-colored flesh (field experiment). In the greenhouse experiment, the content of individual chlorogenic acids increased in the petioles of potatoes inoculated with P. infestans and inoculated with the pathogen after the application of Trifender WP, compared with the control treatment.
Natural phenolic acids are commonly present in plants consumed in the diet. Recently we have observed that different natural phenolic acids exert differential effects on the body mass gain in ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized female rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ferulic, caffeic, p-coumaric and chlorogenic acids on serum estradiol and total cholesterol levels in ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized rats. The experiments were carried out on 3-month old female Wistar Cmd:(WI)WU rats, divided into following groups (n = 8 in each group): non-ovariectomized control rats and non-ovariectomized rats receiving ferulic, caffeic, p-coumaric or chlorogenic acids, sham-operated control rats, ovariectomized control rats and ovariectomized rats receiving the same phenolic acids. The phenolic acids were administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg p.o. daily for 4 weeks. Serum estradiol and total cholesterol levels on the next day after the last administration of the phenolic acids were examined. The phenolic acids did not affect serum estradiol or total cholesterol levels in non-ovariectomized rats. In ovariectomized rats, caffeic acid and to a lesser extent p-coumaric acid increased serum estradiol level, which effect correlated with a decreased body mass gain. All the phenolic acids decreased serum cholesterol level in ovariectomized rats. Concluding, the anti-obesity activity of some phenolic acids may be, at least partially, connected with estrogenic pathways.
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