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The aim of the foregoing experiment was the determination and comparison of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the vIL-8 gene of Polish MDV strains. Twenty three samples isolated from field cases of Marek’s disease virus during the years 1976 2005 were used in the experiment. The presence of the gene was confirmed in all examined samples. No changes in the vIL8 sequence were stated, except of the three following strains, where singular nucleotide changes were observed: 16/05 (25 C→T; 243 C→T; 281 G→A), PZ /95 (25 C→T; 184 A→G; 243 C→T; 281G→A), 5/01 (168 C→T; 220 T→C), 11/02 (464 T→A), 23/99 (665 T→A), 14/05 (551 T→A, deletion of 680 base). These changes were reflected in amino acid sequences of the three isolates, as point and random changes: 16/05, PZ/95 (4 S→L, 31 G→D), and 14/05 (88 F→L). It appears that these changes did not show any pattern displaying association with the degree of the pathogenicity of the virus, and that the gene encoding vIL8 in most cases did not change within 30 years.
Derzsy's disease occurring in geese is caused by a virus from the Parvoviridae family called the Derzsy's disease virus or goose parvovirus. For thirty years Derzsy's disease has been observed in Poland and currently it is the cause of large economic losses. The main objective of the study was come up with the molecular characteristics of Derzsy's disease virus strains isolated from field cases. The samples were taken from 65 goose flocks. The geese, 1.5-6-weeks-of-age, were suspected of being affected with Derzsy's disease. Seven viral isolates were isolated from visceral organs of the geese and on the basis of cytopathic changes in goose embryo fibroblasts culture and pathological changes in goose embryos were classified as Derzsy's disease virus strains. One band of 806 bp size, which is characteristic of Derzsy's disease virus, was demonstrated in PCR. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, the strains were classified as goose parvovirus. The strains were qualified to two phylogenetic groups: vaccine and low pathogenicity strains and field strains. The calculated similarity between the studied strains ranged from 92.3% to 100% and between European strains from 91.3% to 99.5%. On the basis of the authors' research it can be claimed that Polish Derzsy's disease strains differ slightly from each other but all of the strains have a common European origin.
W prezentowanej pracy podjęto próbę zróżnicowania szczepionkowego szczepu Sterne 34F2 i atypowych izolatów B. anthracis wyosobnionych w Polsce drogą wykorzystania 10 loci VNTR, a także sprawdzenia czy takie czynniki jak: anthrolizyna O (gen alo), cereolizyna (gen clo), hemolityczna enterotoksyna HBL (gen hblA) i mutacja typu stop w genie plcR mogą być związane z hemolityczną aktywnością tych izolatów. Potwierdzono klonalne pokrewieństwo szczepów hemolizujących i nie wykazujących tej cechy. Mimo, że nie zidentyfikowano czynnika genetycznego warunkującego zdolność do hemolizy badanych szczepów, to wykazano, że badane szczepy posiadały geny alo, clo i mutację typu stop w genie plcR przy braku obecności genu hblA. Zebrane informacje umożliwiły pełniejszą charakterystykę hemolizujących szczepów B. anthracis izolowanych na terenie kraju.
Scharakteryzowano szczepy Staphylococcus aureus i Staphylococcus epidermidis, wyizolowane z ran i tkanek głębokich oraz z powierzchni skóry, pobranych w celu poszukiwania obecności genów dla czynników wirulencji. Określono genetyczne zróżnicowanie badanych szczepów uzyskane metodą reakcji PCR ze specyficznymi starterami.
The purpose of the study was to analyse the genetic diversity of Polish EAV isolates. Genetic variability can lead to increased virulence of isolates and to significant changes in EAV antigen properties influencing the results of laboratory testing. Studies on genetic modifications of viral genomes as well as on the phylogenetic affinity of strains have facilitated the investigation of viral evolution. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on 32 isolates that were isolated from the semen of asymptomatic virus-shedding stallions originating from 8 national studs. These isolates were compared with 15 reference EAV strains commonly used in phylogenesis. On the basis of the nucleotide sequence analysis of ORF5 gene encoding GP5 glycoprotein it was shown that Polish EAV isolates belonged to two subgroups and demonstrated the closest relationship to the European strains. None of these strains had any relationship to the first Polish strain Wroclaw-2 isolated in 1976. The homology of ORF5 nucleotide and predicted GP5 amino-acid sequences of Polish isolates attained a level of 81.2-99.0% and 90.1-99.4% respectively. Analyzing the genetic diversity of ORF5 facilitated the conducting of retrospective epizootic investigations.
Goose circovirus (GoCV) infections are commonly found in geese on European and Asian farms, but the role of GoCV as a causative agent of the problem in geese production has not been established yet. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of circovirus infection in commercial geese farms located in South-East Poland. Tissue samples of spleen or bursa of Fabricius from 95 dead geese of different ages have been collected from 28 farms/flocks between April and September 2005. None of the clinical signs and important problems with production were reported during the time of the investigation. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was designed for the diagnosis of the infection. From positive samples a C1 gene fragment which encodes the capsid protein (after translation of 250 amino sizes), using two pair of primers has been amplified and a sequencing reaction was performed in both directions. The nucleotide sequences were aligned with the sequences geese circovirus strains obtained from GeneBank by BioEdit sequence alignment editor software using Clustal W multiple alignment algorithm. Prevalence of GoCV was found in 18 (18.9%) spleens or bursa of Fabricius samples from geese from 14 (35.0) flocks. All positive birds were more than 5-weeks-old. The nucleotide sequence of C1 gene fragment of Polish GoCV showed 99% to 84% identity with C1 gene sequenced by Todd et al. (accession number AJ304456 GenBank database).
Since 2009, Poland has had a TB-free status, although over the last seven years 12-34 cases of bovine TB have been recorded annually. In 2009-2012 the largest number of cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae were culled in Masovian Voivodeship. Likewise, the largest number of sources of this zoonosis were recorded in that voivodeship. The vicinity of farms where bTB was found indicated that it could have been transmitted between their herds. The aim of this study was to characterise the molecular patterns of bovine bacillus strains isolated from cattle in Masovian Voivodeship and the molecular relationships between them. The material for microbiological examination came from 38 cattle (Bos taurus) located in 7 counties of Masovian Voivodeship. These 38 strains of MTBC were further identified as M. bovis (24 isolates; 63%) and M. caprae (14 isolates; 37%). A two-step genotyping analysis of the 38 MTBC strains identified 24 molecular patterns, closely related phylogenetically, which were assigned to 8 clusters of 2-6 strains. Sources of transmission were identified in 8 out of 13 herds examined in the 7 counties of Masovian Voivodeship. The results of the genotyping analysis excluded the possibility of TB transmission between different herds in Masovian Voivodeship. It was proved, however, that TB had been transmitted between animals bred on one of the farms.
Discovery of a canine homolog of hepatitis C virus provides the exciting prospect of a unique experimental model for HCV infections in humans. Interferon-inducible transmembrane 3 protein acts as an essantial barier to influenza A virus infection in vivo and in vitro. Lymphoid tissue is consistently more permissive than the brain to prions such as those causing chronic wasting disease of deer and elk, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Population of innate response activator (IRA) B cells protects against septic shock by controlling the organism’s ability to clear bacteria. Exposure to commensal microbes during early childhood is critical for later enviromental exposures and protects from immune-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and astma. Langerhans cells can enhance chemical carcinogenesis via metabolism of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Attempts to prevent Alzheimer’s disease by using antibodies.
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