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The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of market economy conditions on the economic results of fish farms. Data collected from 1992 to 1998 were analyzed. Sample sizes for various indices, separately for pond and lake farms, ranged from 69 to 123. Six indices were chosen for the analyses, including financial liquidity (current and rapid), cost level, return (on sales and total assets) and labor efficiency. The direction and statistical significance of trends were evaluated using correlation coefficients. No negative trends were observed for any index, while positive trends were found for the following: index of current financial liquidity; rapid liquidity index; labor efficiency for lake farms; return on total assets and labor efficiency for pond farms. The overall economic efficiency was higher for pond farms.
The aim of this study was to make an evaluation of the current stands of a relict species, Salix lapponum, within the area of the Polesie National Park, to determine the population size and condition of downy willow as well as to analyse biocenotic conditions in its stands. The study, conducted in the years 2001–2003, allowed to establish that the number of S. lapponum stands had decreased significantly and that its population size in the confirmed stands in the Polesie National Park was substantially lower than 50 years ago. Salix lapponum was a component of different phytocoenoses, but its highest population size and a high degree of development were noted at the sites with the Betulo-Salicetum repentis and Thelypteridi-Phragmitetum communities. The character of the phytocoenoses in which Salix lapponum occurred in greatest numbers may evidence the wide range of tolerance of downy willow with respect to habitat conditions. There is a probability that not only the changes in its habitat conditions, which were noted over the last half-century, had a significant effect on the reduction in the number of stands and in the population size of this species. An essential problem appears to be the fact of the absence of flowering in individuals in many of the studied populations, which may result in an insufficient degree of adaptation of S. lapponum to changing habitat conditions.
This article shows the characteristics of spatial differentiation of level and dynamics of socio-economic development of rural areas in Poland. The Authors try to define typical directions of the development of gminas and look for an answer to the question: what, and what gminas’ features, determine the direction of development? The analysis presented in the paper has been based on the data originating from the Rural Development Monitoring Project. The results showed the differentiation of the development level to be a part of very dynamic contemporary reality. Criteria up to this date documented in research and arranging spatial diversity of social and economic phenomena apply specifically to description of the development’s level, while dynamics is being arranged by a different criteria. Moreover, the research describes four basic profiles of the dynamics of gminas’ development.
The aim of the study was to analyze segetal weeds present in spring barley against the background of changes in pluviothermal conditions observed over the last 20 years (1993–2012) at the Field Experimental Station of the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute in Winna Góra, Poland. Based on the mean value of the Sielianinov hydrothermal coefficient for the three months of spring vegetation, i.e., April, May, and June, three classes of pluvio-thermal conditions (very dry, moderately dry, humid) were distinguished. The phytosociological stability of weed species analyzed during the study period was assessed and the Shannon–Wiener index of species diversity in the communities and the Simpson dominance index were calculated for segetal weeds present in spring barley. In the 20-year period analyzed, Chenopodium album and Viola arvensis exhibited the highest phytosociological stability and the highest abundance in the spring barley crop. Over the years analyzed, the dry spring vegetation periods were characterized by significant precipitation deficiency between late April and mid-June. In the years with favorable meteorological conditions, the weed species diversity measured by the Shannon–Wiener diversity index was higher than in the years with precipitation deficiency. In the very dry years, the species dominance index in the spring vegetation period was higher than in the wet years. The yield loss caused by weed infestation in the very dry years was higher by 6% as compared to moderately dry and wet years.
Contemporary sociology of culture is on the verge of change of its paradigm. From a science the aim of which is to measure the consumption of culture or to interpret culture it is to be transformed into a research discipline studying the way in which the culture is experienced. Thus, the statistical or hermeneutic rules will have to be replaced by the assumptions which look for the corporeality of the human bodies as a source and essence of the culture. “Physical”, not “mental” meanings would be treated as the objects of sociological and humanistic research. Thanks to that the neo-naturalism may become the mainstream of the future in these sciences.
In the paper the main change in the brewery sector have been presented. It connected with production, price and cosumtions. More precise the situatin in Hungary was showed. The Authors stated that the process of concentration was ended and the economic situation of the brewewry sector are growing.
The study aims to summarize and characterize those processes which are currently going on in the Hungarian agriculture following its accession to the European Union. All these processes cannot be separated from the international tendencies and have impact on the relations between the member states. The role of agriculture is relatively small in the economy, but despite the decreasing tendency, agriculture has kept its positive balance in international trade. Regarding the production structure we can state that the share of animal husbandry has decreased to 40%, that causes several problems in the fodder market as well. Due to the subsidy system, the farmes receive relatively high subsidy in crop production. Farmes with plant production are the winners of accession. A slow increase can be observed in the numbers of medium sized farms and in their land use.
Changes in selected serum components were investigated to elucidate metabolic profile in cattle naturally infected with T. annulata. Statistically significant increases were observed in the mean serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, and creatinine kinase, and statistically significant decreases were seen in the mean serum contents of glucose, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, calcium, and phosphorus, along with a non-significant decrease in iron level in infected animals when compared with controls (uninfected). The study has shown that T. annulata infection in cattle is associated with profound biochemical changes.
The objective of this paper was to determine the effect of cold-storage time (in frozen condition) on selected physical and chemical characteristics of horsemeat and fat. Samples of the longest dorsal muscle and nape fat from horse carcasses were tested. Two time periods of I and 3 months were applied as a comparative criterion for meat and fat. The research was performed on 26 carcasses of adult horses (8-10 years old). It has been shown that the frozen storage process causes darkening of meat color as well as reduces the meat capacity to bind and retain water. Moreover, the frozen storage improves the meat tenderness. With the time of cold storage the peroxide value and acid number were observed to rise as the evidence of oxidizing and hydrolytic processes taken place in horse fat.
The experiments were performed on 3 sheep which had bi-polar platinic electrodes subserously implanted to the uterus shank and horns during an operation. The registration of uterus myoelectrical activity was conducted by the use of Reega Duplex XVI electroencephalograph. The tests were carried out on sheep in uterus, sensitised and non-sensitised with Stilboestrol-Polfa (0.04 mg kg-1 i.m.). After recording the output uterus activity, the sheep were administered serotonin in continuous infusion in the quantity of: 12-24 g kg-1 min-1. The obtained results revealed that serotonin in sheep in anestrus, non-sensitised with stilboestrol, does not cause (within the scope of action potentials) any changes in the electrouterographic record. In sheep sensitised with stilboestrol, serotonin increases the uterus myoelectrical activity.
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