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Valid and invalid nomenclature of living and fossil deer, Cervidae

100%

Grubb P.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

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tom 45

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nr 3

Investigation of cervid nomenclature has revealed unavailable or preoccupied names still in use; unnoticed or unevaluated homonymy; unused or unnoticed names, including senior synonyms; unnoticed or misidentified types of genera; miscited authorship; unjustified emendations of original spelling; and corrections of nomenclatural errors that have been neglected in subsequent literature. The following names appearing in recent literature are affected: Pliocervinae Khomenko, Neocervinae, Gervulinae (unavailable names); Capreoiinae, Atceinae. Rangiferinae (attributable to Brookes, 1828, not to authors who changed their rank or corrected original speiling; take precedence over Odocoileinae when the taxa are combined, contrary to common practice); Alcinae (emendation due to Blyth, not Jerdon, now superseded by Alceinae, with priority over Rangiferinae - where relevant - here designated); Muntiacinae (author is Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907, not Pocock, 1923; Elaphodinae here designated a junior synonym); Megacerinae Viret (preoccupied by Megaloceridae Brookes, emended to Megalocerotinae); Blastocerus Wagner (an available name of which Blastóceras Fitzinger is an unjustified emendation, not a senior synonym of Ozoloceras; lectotype confirmed to he C'emus paludosas Desmarest, 1822); Dorcetaphus (junior synonym of Odocoileus, not a senior synonym of Blastocerus)', Mazama goitazoubira, Muntiacus feat, Pudu pudu {unjustified emendations); Ceruus japonicus Otsuka, 1967 (preoccupied, new name proposed); Ceruus elaphus montanus Botezat, 1903 (mimen nudum and preoccupied); and Pseudodama (preoccupied by Metaceruocerus),

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Migrations and the introduction of wild ruminants as a source of parasite exchange and emergence of new parasitoses

84%

Demiaszkiewicz A. W.

Annals of Parasitology

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2014

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tom 60

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nr 1

The relationship between European bison and cervidae is a good model for studies on the influence of migration and introduction of new species on the helminthofauna of wild ruminants and the occurrence of new parasitoses. Changes in the helminthofauna of bison and deer under the influence of changes in the environment and living conditions, as well as the introduction and migration of other species, are discussed in detail. The exchange of helminths between bison, cervids and domestic ruminants is demonstrated. Examples of helminth introduction from specific Cervidae species, the formation of the new host-parasite systems and the appearance of new parasitoses are also presented.

3

ENSO affects sex ratio progeny in captive Iberian red deer despite a steady feeding regime

84%

Estevez J. A., Landete-Castillejos T., Garcia A. J., Gaspar-Lopez E., Ceacero F., Gallego L.

Acta Theriologica

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2011

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tom 56

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nr 4

Climate variability greatly affects animals through direct and indirect effects. Animals with slow reproductive adaptation to ecological changes such as large mammals are likely to have evolved mechanisms to anticipate early such impacts of climate variability on the environment. One of the adaptive mechanisms between reproductive costs and benefits in mammals affects parental investment through biases in sex ratio. Deer might be likely to show an early detection of climate variability because conception takes place in early autumn, but the main raising cost in deer concerns lactation, which takes place at the end of the following spring. The aim of this paper is to assess whether there is a relationship between global indices of climate variability such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and sex ratio of a captive population of deer. Results showed that there was a negative correlation (r=−0.65) between sex ratio and ENSO indices between 1996 and 2008. El Niño enhances drier conditions during the summer in the Iberia Peninsula, which in turn favours a female bias. Results also suggest that the mechanism of early detection of climate variability exerts a strong effect on female reproductive physiology because the long-term stability of food resources in our setting has not markedly reduced it.

4

A cranial morphometric study od deer [Mammalia, Cervidae] from Argentina using three-dimensional landmarks

84%

Merino M. L., Milne N., Vizcaino S. F.

Acta Theriologica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 1

This study examines morphological variation in the crania (n = 70) of eight cervid species from Argentina. Forty 3-dimensional landmarks were acquired on each adult cervid cranium. The data were analysed using Morphologika software. The co-ordinates were registered and scaled to remove size differences by Procrustes analysis, and then principal components analysis was applied to examine shape variation. Shape variation associated with each principal component can be visualised in the program. The first principal component correlates strongly with the centroid size of the crania and also with the body mass and height of each species. The larger species were distinguished by relatively longer snouts and relatively smaller brains. The smallerMazama andPudu species cluster closely on the first as well as the other principal components. Among the larger species, the twoHippocamelus species, which live at higher altitudes, were clearly distinguished from the lowland species,Ozotoceros bezoarticus andBlastocerus dichotomus, on the basis of cranial flexion and the orientation of the occipital region. FinallyO. bezoarticus andB. dichotomus were compared directly and small differences were noted in the orbital region. The shape data was used to produce a distance matrix and a phenogram, which we relate to some of currently accepted phylogenetic relationships of this group of cervids.

5

Ectoparasites of Cervidae in north-east Poland

84%

Kadulski S.

Acta Parasitologica

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1996

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tom 41

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nr 4

Studies were conducted in north-east Poland during the period from October 1987 to February 1993 - 570 cervids were studied (roe-deer, red deer, sika deer, fallow deer and moose). Thirteen species of ectoparasites were noted, the most frequent included Damalinia meyeri, Lipoptena cervi, Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ricinus, and Chorioptes texanus, found only for the second time in Poland. The moderate number of arthropods noted included Solenopotes capreoli, S. burmeisteri and also Demodex kutzeri. The greatest infestation in the majority of hosts was noted on the bulls, that on females and young being lower but similar.

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Irreversible microevolutionary changes in genotypic composition of sika deer Cervus nippon populations in response to vegetation degradation and food shortage

67%

Sheremetev I., Sheremeteva I.

Acta Theriologica

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2010

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tom 55

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nr 1

9-26

The present study deals with changes in important skull characteristics of the sika deer Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 in response to changes in food supply. Moderate food shortage results mainly in a linear reduction in skull size, while severe food shortage results in changes in skull shape. In the deer that returned to habitats with sufficient food supply, some skull parameters recovered to, or even exceeded, normal values, whereas other parameters remained stressed resulting in retention or enhancement of skull distortions. Differences in skull parameters among the populations studied were comparable to those between some cervid species, eg, the Siberian roe deer Capreolus pigargus Pallas, 1771 and European roe deer Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758 and other deer subspecies. In the introduced sika deer populations, skull distortions were apparently caused by interspecific hybridization. Descendants of the escaped deer have not reverted to the normal phenotype, even over several generations, providing a recent case of true evolutionary changes. This occurred by a change in the ratio of different morphotypical groups, probably due to their different responses to food shortage. Thus sufficient food supply may account for changes in a population’s genotypic composition through selection of characteristics that favour passing on genetic material when food is limited.

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Ashworthius sidemi (Nematoda, Trichostrongylidae) in wild ruminants in Bialowieza Forest

67%

Demiaszkiewicz A. W., Lachowicz J., Osinska B.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2009

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tom 12

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nr 3

Between 2003-2007, abomasa of 91 European bison (Bison bonasus), 4 red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 2 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) shot in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland) were examined for worms presence. All the animals examined were infected with nematodes A. sidemi with an exception of one bison, that was shot in year 2003. There was much higher average intensity of invasion in bison (5529), than in red deer (85) and in roe deer (1837). The animals were shot in a period from December to March, and the nematodes found in them were fourth stage larvae and immature adult specimens. In the following years of examinations, a gradual increase in average intensity of infection was observed. In 2007, it reached in bison 10814 nematodes. Maximum intensity of invasion was found in this year as well and it reached 44310 nematodes in one bison. Pathological changes such as an oedema, hyperaemia and effusion in the abomasum and duodenum mucosa were most clearly seen in the calves that were highly infected. These changes probably lead to chronic diarrhoea, deterioration and deaths of young animals.

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Winter diets of wolf Canis lupus and lynx Lynx lynx in Estonia and Latvia

67%

Valdmann H., Andersone-Lilley Z., Koppa O., Ozolins J., Bagrade G.

Acta Theriologica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 4

521-527

Winter diets of wolfCanis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 and lynxLynx lynx Linnaeus, 1758 in Latvia and Estonia were investigated in 1997–2000 based on stomach contents of hunted animals and scats. Ungulates appeared to be the staple food for both predators. Lynx diet to a high extent consisted of cervids (Estonia 52% frequency of prey, Latvia 88%), roe deer dominating. Mountain hareLepus timidus made up from 9% (Latvia) to 31% (Estonia) of the lynx diet, and red foxVulpes vulpes 7% in Estonian sample. Wolf diet was more diverse; besides cervids (44% in Latvia, 63% in Estonia) it included wild boar Sus scrofa (32% in Latvia, 17% in Estonia), carrion, small rodents, and other food items. Proportion of empty stomachs was high both in wolves (37%) and lynxes (35%) in Latvia. Range of stomach content weights varied from zero to more than 4 kg in wolves and almost 1.5 kg in lynx. Pianka’s indices of food niche overlapped significantly between species and countries (0.85–0.99).

9

Giardia prevalence in wild cervids in Poland

67%

Majewska A. C., Solarczyk P., Moskwa B., Cabaj W., Jankowska W., Nowosad P.

Annals of Parasitology

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2012

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tom 58

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nr 4

A total of 181 faecal samples were collected from wild cervids in two regions of Poland. Specimens were taken from 65 fallow deer (Dama dama), 61 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 50 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and five moose (Alces alces). Giardia cysts were detected in one faecal specimen from the red deer and in two samples from the roe deer. Although this study has demonstrated that Giardia infection is remarkably rare in wild cervids, it should be emphasized that there are large populations of these animals in Poland.

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Morphology of the white-tailed deer tarsal gland

67%

Osborn D. A., Miller K. V., Hoffman D. M., Dickerson W. H., Gassett J. W., Quist C. F.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

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tom 45

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nr 1

The communication of reproductive information in cervids is thought to be accomplished by odors associated with skin glands. The tarsal glands of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman, 1780), in particular, are the focus of many breeding behaviors and appear to attract the interest of conspecifics. These glands are annointed with urine with increasing frequency as the breeding season approaches and may convey social odors relating to dominance, reproductive condition, or individual recognition. We collected tarsal glands from male and female white-tailed deer of various ages during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Using light microscopy, we examined skin biopsies of tarsal glands microscopically to quantify sebaceous and apocrine glandular activity. Measurements of sebaceous and apocrine glands did not differ between sexes or seasons, or among age classes. During the breeding season, the tarsal tufts of older males become darkly stained. Although the tarsal glands of white-tailed deer are important in conspecific communication, the staining and associated odors appears to be unrelated to variations in the sebaceous or apocrine gland activity. Rather, odor production on the tarsal gland likely results from interactions among urinary constituents, microbial decomposition, and glandular secretions.

11

Occurrence of gastro-intestinal nematodes in cervids [Cervidae] of North-Western Poland

67%

Cisek A., Balicka-Ramisz A., Ramisz A., Pilarczyk B.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Animal Husbandry

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2003

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tom 06

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nr 2

The study described was aimed at evaluating the extent of gastro-intestinal helminth infestation in the roe deer, fallow deer, and red deer in Western Pomerania; infestation prevalence and intensity as well as the species composition of the helminth fauna were determined. Within March 1999 July 2000, a total of 199 animals (86 roe deer, 68 red deer, and 25 fallow deer) were examined. The animals were obtained from 9 north-western Polands forest districts. The following nematode species were found to be present in the alimentary tracts examined: Spiculopteragia boehmi, S. mathevossiani, Spiculopteragia asymmetrica, Ostertagia kolchida, O. leptospicularis, Haemonchus contortus, Chabertia ovina, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Nematodirus sp., Trichocephalus ovis, Capillaria bovis, Trichostrongylus axei, and Trichostrongylus sp. As shown by biopsies, the infestation prevalence amounted to 73.53; 96.51; and 92.0% in red deer, roe deer, and fallow deer, respectively.

Ograniczanie wyników

Valid and invalid nomenclature of living and fossil deer, Cervidae

Migrations and the introduction of wild ruminants as a source of parasite exchange and emergence of new parasitoses

ENSO affects sex ratio progeny in captive Iberian red deer despite a steady feeding regime

A cranial morphometric study od deer [Mammalia, Cervidae] from Argentina using three-dimensional landmarks

Ectoparasites of Cervidae in north-east Poland

Irreversible microevolutionary changes in genotypic composition of sika deer Cervus nippon populations in response to vegetation degradation and food shortage

Ashworthius sidemi (Nematoda, Trichostrongylidae) in wild ruminants in Bialowieza Forest

Winter diets of wolf Canis lupus and lynx Lynx lynx in Estonia and Latvia

Giardia prevalence in wild cervids in Poland

Morphology of the white-tailed deer tarsal gland

Occurrence of gastro-intestinal nematodes in cervids [Cervidae] of North-Western Poland