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The epicuticular wax is the contact point between plants and the environment and plays a crucial role in mediating biotic and abiotic interactions. The associations between the content of epicuticular waxes, on surface plants of winter triticale with their acceptance by the grain aphid Sitobion avenae and bird cherry -oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi were studied. In general, waxy genotype DED 1137 of winter triticale was less accepted by the cereal aphids than the wax less one (RAH 366). The waxy genotype decreased density of cereal aphids, prolonged maturity and decreased fecundity. Moreover, the comparison of abundance, development and fecundity of the aphid species on the triticale genotypes proved that tested genotypes differed in susceptibility to Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi. The importance of the epicuticular wax compounds in the acceptance of plants by the aphids is discussed. The results indicated that aphids fed on waxy plants showed longer time of the prereproductive period and much lower total fecundity. Furthermore, waxy genotype reduced value of the cumulative aphid index and percentage of infested plants.
The influence of cinnamic acid, 1-tryptophane, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, 2,4-dichlorophenol modifying IAA-oxidase activity and indoleacetic acid on the development and reproduction of cereal aphids in laboratory conditions was tested. We observed that IAA and Try stimulated the reproduction of cereal aphids whereas CA, DOPA and DCP decreased it.
Phenoxy acids significantly increased the number of Sitobion avenae F. and Rhopalosiphum padi L.on wheat treated with Aminopielik D and Illoxan 36 EC. This herbicidal effect could be caused directly by derivatives of phenoxy acid or indirectly by altered metabolism of wheat plant.
Changes in total phenols and o-dihydroxyphenols concentration in seedlings of waxy and wax-less winter triticale hybrids under the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae F. and the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L. infestation were studied. Results revealed an inverse correlation between the concentration of the phenolics in aphid-infested triticale plants and the growth and development of the aphid species on seedlings of different age. Moreover, both studied aphids induced a decrease in phenolics level within seedlings of the studied hybrids. Association between concentration of the studied phenolics and thickness of the epicuticular wax layer in triticale hybrids and their stress reaction on the grain aphid and bird cherry-oat aphid feeding is discussed.
Efficiency of transmission of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus isolates MAV and PAV by different aphid vectors was studied in glasshouse conditions.
The aim of a pot experiment was to study the effect nitrogen fertilization applied under different levels of PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) on aphids’ occurrence in spring barley. The following experiment factors were taken into consideration: three spring barley cultivars (Maresi, Poldek and Rasbet), three levels of PAR (1 – full, 0.5 and 0.25) and three nitrogen doses (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g N/pot). The result of presented study showed that with increasing levels of fertilization and PAR the number and percentage of barley plants infested by aphids significantly increased.
Basing on results obtained in Department of Biochemistry, Agriculture and Pedagogic University (WSR-P) in Siedlce and recent literature data author describes biochemical parameters referring to processes of choice and acceptance of wintet wheat by cereal aphids. The results indicate that the high concentration of green chlorophyls and steam distillate extracts as well os low level of yellow flavonols make biochemical criterion for choice and acceptance of winter wheat by grain aphid Sitobion avenae F.
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