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Eosinophil - epithelial cell interaction augments cysteinyl leukotrienes synthesis

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Eosinophils accumulation in the airways and sustained eosinophil-derived cysteinyl leukotrienes production represent key elements of the inflammatory response seen in asthma.However,it is not known whether activated epithelial cells influence cysteinyl leukotrienes production by eosinophils from healthy valunteers.The aim of the present study was therefore to analyse the effects of interactions between non-atopic eosinophils and epithelial cells on cysteinyl leukotrienes production in vitro .We measured cysteinyl leukotrienes released by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)–activated human eosinophils or epithelial cells (human bronchial epithelial cell line -BEAS-2B)cultured alone or together.While activated BEAS-2B cells barely formed leukotrienes (1.39 pg/ml ± 0.2))(n=32),activated eosinophils produced considerable amount of them (62.25 pg/ml ± 10.29))(n=32).Interestingly,when activated eosinophils and epithelial cells were co-incubated,production of cysteinyl leukotrienes increased substantially (571.1 pg/ml ± 80.9))(n=32).Thus,eosinophil-epithelial cell interactions,when occur,are associated with increased biosythesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes.
In this paper, we discuss the application of various methods of cell electrophoresis in research into cell surface properties (analytical methods), and the separation of uniform cell subpopulations from cell mixtures (preparative methods). The emphasis is on the prospects of the development of simplified and versatile methodologies, i.e. microcapillary cell electrophoresis and horizontal cell electrophoresis under near-isopycnic conditions. New perspectives are considered on the use of analytical and preparative cell electrophoresis in research on cell differentiation, neoplastic transformation, cell-cell interactions and the biology of stem cells.
Expression as well as properties of integrins are altered upon transformation. Cell adhesion regulated by integrins is modulated by glycosylation, one of the most frequent biochemical alteration associated with tumorogenesis. Characterisation of carbohydrate moieties of alpha3beta1 integrin on the cultured human bladder carcinoma (T-24, Hu456, HCV 29T) and human normal ureter and bladder epithelium (HCV 29, Hu609) cell lines was carried out after an electrophoresis and blotting, followed by immunochemical identification of alpha3 and beta1 integrin chains and analysis of their carbohydrates moieties using highly specific digoxigenin-labelled lectins. In all the studied cell lines alpha3beta1 integrin was glycosylated although in general each subunit differently. Basic structures recognized in beta1 subunit were tri- or tetraantennary complex type glycans in some cases sialylated (T-24, HCV 29, HCV 29T) and fucosylated (Hu609, HCV 29T). Positive reaction with Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin and Datura stramonium agglutinin suggesting the presence of beta1-6 branched N-linked oligosaccharides was found in cancerous cell lines (T-24, Hu456) as well as in normal bladder epithelium cells (Hu609). High mannose type glycan was found only in beta1 subunit from Hu456 transitional cell cancer line. On the other hand alpha3 subunit was much less glycosylated except the invasive cancer cell line T-24 where high mannose as well as sialylated tri- or tetraantennary complex type glycans were detected. This observation suggests that changes in glycosylation profile attributed to invasive phenotype are rather associated with alpha3 not beta1 subunit.
Lectin selectins and their counter-receptors participate in discontinuous cell-cell interactions concurrent with leukocyte tethering and rolling on endothelium, which, in consequence, leads to leukocyte penetration to lymphatic organs and generation of inflammation sites. Counter-receptors are glycoproteins in which carbohydrate units, the direct selectin ligands, are built into the polypeptide framework. In this review, the distribution, structure and function of the main ligands and counter-receptors for P-, L- and E-selectins known so far, have been discussed. The common biosynthetic pathway of sialyl-Lewis x and sulpho-sialyl-Lewis x determinants of selectin ligands has been described.
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