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Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), encoded by four separate genes, constitutes a high affinity system extruding Ca2+ outside the cell. The nerve growth factor-treated PC12 cell line possesses all four main PMCA isoforms. To evaluate the potential role of PMCA isoforms in the differentiation process, we transiently suppressed the expression of PMCA2 and 3 using the antisense oligonucleotides. In the transfected PC12 cells, we observed morphological changes, slowed neurite extension and diminished survival of the cells. The apparent transport activity and affinity of the calcium pump to Ca2+ were lower in the cells with suppressed PMCA2 and 3 isoforms than in the control cells. Moreover, in the transfected PC12 plasma membranes, the calcium pump was insensitive to stimulation by calmodulin. These findings suggest that PMCA2 and 3 isoforms may be involved in developmental and differentiation processes.
It is well known that effective exchange of metabolites between mitochondria and the cytoplasm is essential for cell physiology. The key step of the exchange is trans­port across the mitochondrial outer membrane, which is supported by the volt­age-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC). Therefore, it is clear that the perme­ability of VDAC must be regulated to adjust its activity to the actual cell needs. VDAC-modulating activities, often referred to as the VDAC modulator, were identi­fied in the intermembrane space of different organism mitochondria but the responsi­ble protein(s) has not been identified as yet. Because the VDAC modulator was re­ported to act on VDAC of intact mitochondria when added to the cytoplasmic side it has been speculated that a similar modulating activity might be present in the cyto­plasm. To check the speculation we used mitochondria of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as they constitute a perfect model to study VDAC modulation. The mito­chondria contain only a single isoform of VDAC and it is possible to obtain viable mu­tants devoid of the channel (Δpor1). Moreover, we have recently characterised a VDAC-modulating activity located in the intermembrane space of wild type and Δpor1 S. cerevisiae mitochondria. Here, we report that the cytoplasm of wild type and Δpor1 cells of S. cerevisiae contains a VDAC-modulating activity as measured in a reconsti­tuted system and with intact mitochondria. Since quantitative differences were ob­served between the modulating fractions isolated from wild type and Δpor1 cells when they were studied with intact wild type mitochondria as well as by protein electrophoresis it might be concluded that VDAC may influence the properties of the involved cytoplasmic proteins. Moreover, the VDAC-modulating activity in the cytoplasm differs distinctly from that reported for the mitochondrial intermembranen space. Nevertheless, both these activities may contribute efficiently to VDAC regulation. Thus, the identification of the proteins is very important.
W pracy określano wpływ stężenia alginianu glinu i alginianu wapnia oraz stężenia inokulum na stan fizjologiczny drożdży Saccharomyces cerevisiae V30 w czasie okresowej fermentacji etanolowej. Stwierdzono, że stan fizjologiczny komórek zależy od wszystkich trzech badanych parametrów.
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