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The paper presents a comparison of several empirical models used to determine cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation (BS). CEC and BS determinations in mineral soils in southern Poland have been used in comparisons of individual models. The soils represented different valuation classes and differed in their typology. The following models were used: multiple regression, polynomial neural network and fuzzy-neural network (ANFIS). Models used for comparative purposes represent pedotransfer functions (PTF), developed for various climate conditions using various analytic methods. The processed results were compared with the modelling results based on observational data analysis. Relatively low applicability has been found for models based on data for other climate conditions and other analytical methods in terms of accurate CEC determination.
Studies on sorption of heavy metal ions (Cr2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+) onto peats of defined type, sort, and kind, as a function of their physical and chemical properties, as well as de­ter­mi­nation of adsorbent-adsorbate binding stability have been carried out. Among the tested peats the best sorption properties have been found for low-moor peats: Humus Peat and Rush Peat, characterized by high decomposition rates (DR). Among studied heavy metals, the greatest chemical affinity to sorption sites showed chromium ions, bound onto organic matter in insoluble forms, the lowest - zinc and cadmium ions, which mostly enriched mobile forms.
Contribution of clay mineral phase (<2 um) and organic matter to the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of two clayey soils (gleyic black earths from Gniew) was investigated. The XRD analysis showed dominance of illite and mixed laver illite/smectite as well as the presence of smectite, chlorite and trace of kaolinite in the clay fraction of studied soils. CEC of the soils ranged between 22.08-32.64 cmol(+)/kg. After removal of organic matter with 30% H2O2, CEC the above values decreased significantly. However, the CEC of organic and inorganic components is not an additive. This may be explained by the formation of organo-mineral complexes, which might lower the CEC of the soil as a whole.
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