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The aim of the present study was to evaluate, using the microscope and computer image analysis system MultiScan, the effects of Cu (0.2 mg·dm -3) and Cd (0.2 mg·dm -3) on swimbladder inflation by common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae under laboratory conditions. The fish were exposed to metals for 30 days from hatching. The results indicate that heavy metals considerably inhibited inflation of the posterior and anterior chamber of swimbladder. Metals affected inflation of each swimbladder chamber in a different way. They reduced the rate of inflation of first (posterior) chamber, delayed the beginning of inflation of the second (anterior) chamber, and inhibited its growth. Metal exposure resulted in differences among the larvae: some of them inflated the anterior chamber, and the others failed to inflate it.
The study was aimed at the PCB (Clophen A50) accumulation dynamics in the gill filaments, muscle tissue, perintestinal adipose tissue, alimentary tract and the liver of cultured carp, Cyprinus carpio L. when taken, only, either from contaminated water or contaminated diet. The highest accumulation dynamics was observed in first 5-10 days of intoxication followed by a visible decrease resulted partly from increase in a growth rate of the tested organs and tissues as well as from the smaller daily intake per weight unit of the tested fish.
The study was carried out in the winter of 1999/2000 at the fishing base of the Olsztyn Fishing Farm. The base was comprised of 48 fish cages (15 m³ each) suspended in a post-cooling water canal of the Ostrołęka thermal-electric power station. During the 190 days of observations (31 October 1999 - 15 May 2000), the following factors were analysed: bacteriological contamination of skin, muscle and gastric contents of carp fingerlings produced in cages from summer fry (July fry; 3-5 g body weight). Bacteriological analyses consisted of determining the total count of bacteria cultured on agar (TVC 20 °C and TłVC 37°C), the total count of colic bacteria (Escherichia coli) on Endo medium (Enterobactriacea) and bacteria that is potentially pathogenic to fish and humans (Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus). The identification of microorganisms was carried out using the biochemical tests Api 20 NE, Api 2E and Api Staph (bioMérieux). Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the number of all the bacteria assayed between the muscle tissue versus digestive tract and skin mucus. The counts of all the groups of bacteria determined in the carp were permissible and did not exceed Polish hygiene norms.
Assays, made on 64 mature carp females aged 5 years, were performed during the spawning season (summer) and in mid-winter. Some fish were subject to intraventricular melatonin microinjections, while other had their pineal gland excised. Intensity of fluorescence in the hypothalamic aminergic nuclei was determined with the fluorescence histochemical method. The lowest fluorescence intensity was revealed in those individuals lacking the pineal gland, the highest intensity being typical of the fish subject to intraventricular melatonin microinjections. In the winter series, all the fish showed a similar fluorescence intensity in the hypothalamic region studied. The results demonstrate a relationship between the pineal gland, melatonin, and the hypothalamic aminergic system, present in carp during the spawning period.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate an optimum dose of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria antigens for the vacccination of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and to compare the effectiveness of the vaccination with the antigens inactivated with formalin or thermally and given intraperitoneally (ip) or by immersion (imm). The dose was evaluated with the use of formalin antigens. Doses ranging from 3 x 10⁴ to 6 x 10⁸ cells were given by injection and doses of 3 x 10⁵ to 6 x 10⁶ cells/mL of water were administered in bath. Experiments were conducted at 12°C, 16°C, and 23°C ± 1°C . To compare the effectiveness of the antigens inactivated with formalin and thermally the two doses 3 x 10⁸ cells (ip) and 5- 6 x 10⁷cells/mL (imm) were used. The effect of immunisation was evaluated with challenge tests. The relative percentage of health (RPH) and relative percentage of survival (RPS) of fish were calculated. Doses of 3 x 10⁸ cells, and 5-6 x 10⁷ cells/mL given ip and imm, respectively, were considered the most effective irrespective of the water temperature. No marked differences were found between the administration of the antigen by injection and immersion. Fish manifested a significantly higher level of immunity after the administration of formalin antigen in comparison to that following the administration of the antigen inactivated thermally.
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