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The contribution deals with constructing an inertial navigation system (referred to hereafter INS) which will be used for the calibration of a robotic workplace. It analyses dynamic properties of the sensors of the inertial unit, e.g. gyroscopes and accelerometers. The implementation of the original system of controlling the robot on the basis of autonomous navigation systems is the dominant part of the paper. The calibration is necessary for adapting the simulation of a production device model to real geometric conditions. The goal is to experimentally verify the proposed inertial navigation system in real conditions of an industrial robot operation.
Ten selected metals, namely Zn, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe, Mn, Mg and Ca, commonly present in surface waters were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). For all quantitative analyses, basic metrological characteristics were obtained, including estimation of combined and expanded uncertainties. Special attention was given to ascertaining which component of uncertainty plays a dominant role in the overall determination process (from sampling to final results), and particularly, in ICPOES calibration and measurement. The largest contribution to the combined uncertainty of the final analytical determination of the element concentrations was due to sampling and calibration, as well as general imprecision of the whole analytical procedure.
Our paper presents a model of the water-pipe network for the Kawie Góry supply zone. The zone under analysis is part of the network operated by the PWiK (Water-Pipe and Sewage Company) in Czestochowa. The model was made in the Epanet program using numerical and operational data. The water-pipe network under examination supplies water to a family housing estate and is fed from a field water-supply reservoir. The total population of the area is approx. 1,500 people, the length of the waterpipe network is 11,704 running meters, and the pipe diameter range is 100-150 mm. The pipes are made of grey cast-iron, PE, and PVC. Based on the selected measurement points, calibration of the model was performed. Within the validation of the model, sensitivity analysis was made. Then, a series of simulations were performed to illustrate the network operation for variable water supply and demand conditions. Multi-period analysis was employed for modeling. The developed model made it possible to determine the magnitude of pressure in the network points, and flows in particular sections for operational parameters under consideration. The prepared model can also provide a base for alternative network management variants, for example in the case of failure or increased water demand and enable the forecasting of possible water shortage locations. In the event of the development of the network, in turn, it will enable the optimal design of new lines.
The aim of the study was to prepare a tool for quantitive evaluation of calcium intake and its calibration. The ADOS-Ca test calibration was carried out by the 24-hour recall method repeated seven times. The study included 90 people (aged 22.6±0.1) who gave complete information, i.e. 630 nutrition interviews and 90 ADOS-Ca tests. Calcium intake from dairy products estimated by the test was stated in mg/person/day and was estimated on the basis of the consumed products amount, intake frequency indices and calcium content in 100 g of a product. Calibration included comparing the mean calcium intake (dependant-sample t-test, correlation coefficient) and compatibility of population distribution (chi2 test) in calcium intake classes (<66.7% of the Polish RDI at the safe level = calcium deficiency risk; 66.6-90% of RDI = no calcium deficiency risk; >90% of RDI = no calcium deficiency risk). Moreover sensitivity, specificity and accuracy indices were calculated for the prepared test. No differences between mean calcium intake from dairy products estimated by the ADOS-Ca test and the 24-hour recall method repeated seven times (men: 619 mg vs. 661 mg; p=0.263; women: 434 mg vs. 442 mg; p=0.645) were revealed, but calcium intake correlation was noted. No differentiation in the population distribution in three calcium intake classes was noted, and the percentage of people classified accurately into the same class by the ADOS-Ca test and the 24-hour recall method repeated seven times was high (71% of the population). The noted high sensitivity index value (88%), shows high ability of the test to classify people properly to a group under calcium deficiency risk. The prepared ADOS-Ca diagnostic test was proved to be a good tool for quantitive evaluation of calcium intake from dairy products and enabled accurate classification of people with different calcium intake with regards to risk of its deficiencies.
Long-term, remote monitoring of animals under natural conditions is essential for obtaining information on animal activity. Advances in biotelemetry have led to the construction of low-power accelerometers placed on Global Positioning System (GPS) collars. Such acceleration data from roe deer have not yet been classified to the various behavioral categories. Here, we determined the threshold values of such data for different behavioral categories. We equipped captive roe deer with Global Positioning System–Global System for Mobile Communications/dual-axis acceleration sensor neck collars and simultaneously measured their movement and observed their behavior. The difference between feeding and slow locomotion was significant on the x- but not the y-axis, and both of these two behavioral categories differed significantly from resting and fast locomotion. Specific thresholds for the behavioral categories—resting, feeding, and slow and fast locomotion—were established by recursive partitioning. We compared the behavior determined by these threshold values with observed behavior and found that 92% of the behavioral categories were correctly assigned. A comparison of our results with those of earlier studies showed that thresholds derived for one species cannot be directly applied to another species. We provide recommendations for the further development of acceleration sensors based on the results obtained in this study.
In this study we present calibration/validation activities associated with satellite MERIS image processing and aimed at estimating chl a and CDOM in the Curonian Lagoon. Field data were used to validate the performances of two atmospheric correction algorithms, to build a band-ratio algorithm for chl a and to validate MERIS-derived maps. The neural network-based Case 2 Regional processor was found suitable for mapping CDOM; for chl a the band-ratio algorithm applied to image data corrected with the 6S code was found more appropriate. Maps were in agreement with in situ measurements. This study confirmed the importance of atmospheric correction to estimate water quality and demonstrated the usefulness of MERIS in investigating eutrophic aquatic ecosystems.
The technology of producing gear-wheels by stamping with division of operations of rough and finishing forming is examined. A solution for stress and deforming force of calibration of gear teeth in a stamp with cone-shaped punch is found.
In the process of oil exploitation and transportation, large amounts of crude oil are often spilled, resulting in serious pollution of the marine environment. Forecasting oil spill reverse trajectories to determine the exact oil spill sources is crucial for taking proactive and effective emergency measures. In this study, the backward-in-time model (BTM) is proposed for identifying sources of oil spills in the East China Sea. The wind, current and random walk are three major factors in the simulation of oil spill sources. The wind drag coefficient varies along with the uncertainty of the wind field, and the random walk is sensitive to various traits of different regions, these factors are taken as constants in most of the state-of-the-art studies. In this paper, a self-adaptive modification mechanism for drift factors is proposed, which depends on a data set derived from the drifter buoys deployed over the East China Sea shelf. It can be well adapted to the regional characteristics of different sea areas. The correlation factor between predicted positions and actual locations of the drifters is used to estimate optimal coefficients of the BTM. A comparison between the BTM and the traditional method is also made in this study. The results presented in this paper indicate that our method can be used to predict the actual specific spillage locations.
This study presents an application of the SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) in an agricultural, coastal catchment situated in northern Poland, draining an area of 482 km2 (the Reda catchment). The main objective of this study was calibration and validation of the model against daily discharge and water quality parameters (bi-monthly total suspended solids [TSS], nitrate nitrogen [N-NO3] and phosphate phosphorus [P-PO4] loads). Calibration and validation were conducted using the SWAT-CUP program and SUFI-2 (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Version 2) algorithm. The Nash-Sutcliffe effi ciency, which was set as an objective function in calibration of all variables, was equal for discharge to 0.75 and 0.61 for calibration and validation periods, respectively. For TSS, N-NO3 and P-PO4 loads NSE was equal to 0.56, 0.62 and 0.53 in calibration period, and 0.22, 0.64 and –1.78 in validation period, respectively. For the calibration period all the results are satisfactory or good, while for the validation period the results for TSS and P-PO4 loads are rather poor, which is related mainly to the lack of homogeneity between calibration and validation periods. These results demonstrate that SWAT is an appropriate tool for quantifi cation of nutrient loads in Polish agricultural catchments, in particular for N-NO3. The model can therefore be applied for water resources management, for quantifi cation of scenarios of climate and land use change, and for estimation of the Best Management Practices efficiency.
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The misalignment angle in vessel-mounted ADCP

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A description of the misalignment angle and the consequences if it occurs is given. It is shown that because of gyrocompass errors, the misalignment angle error α has to be computed for each cruise. A simple method of calibrating the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mounted on a vessel has been devised by fitting the cosinusoidal function. This is a post-processing method, suitable for calibrating previously collected data. Nevertheless, because of ADCP’s constructional peculiarities, the procedure must be repeated for each cruise.
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