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Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were made on the effect of caffeine on the activ­ity of adenosine deaminase in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, using UV spectrophotometry and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). An uncompetitive inhi­bition was observed for caffeine. A graphical fitting method was used for determina­tion of binding constant and enthalpy of inhibitor binding by using isothermal titra­tion microcalorimetry data. The dissociation-binding constant is equal to 350 uM by the microcalorimetry method, which agrees well with the value of 342 uM for the inhi­bition constant that was obtained from the spectroscopy method. Positive dependence of caffeine binding on temperature indicates a hydrophobic interaction.
Rajtar G. and Kleinrok Z.: Influence of some psychotropic drugs on the ethanol elimination by the isolated liver of rats chronically fed with ethanol. Acta Physiol. Pol. During a 4-week period the rats received ethanol (EtOH), as their only drinking fluid, in a concentration ranging from 6% to 20%. In the period of 72 hours after EtOH withdrawal the rats received diazepam (DZP), imipramine (IMI) or caffeine (CAFF) i.p. twice a day in a 12-hours interval. In the experiments carried out on the livers isolated from these rats, we observed the diminution of the rate of EtOH elimination from the perfusate by the livers of DZP and IMI treated rats. CAFF did not change the rate of EtOH elimination.
Background. Caffeine is a commonly found ingredient in many beverages. Its main dietary source is coffee, cola drinks and in recent years, energy drinks. Objectives. To compare the consumption of drinks containing caffeine (coffee, colas and energy drinks) and the reasons and circumstances under which they were drunk by middle school (junior high school) pupils and university students. Material and methods. Surveyed subjects were 90 middle school pupils from Warsaw and Kutno together with 100 students attending the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW). A questionnaire, designed by the authors, was used to determine the amounts, frequency and the reasons or circumstances in which coffee, colas and energy drinks were consumed. Statistics used, consisted of the Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square (χ2) tests, with significance taken as α ≤ 0.05. Results. Cola drinks were found to be the most popularly consumed beverages containing caffeine; 97% pupils and 93% students. Coffee was however drunk twice less by pupils compared to students, whilst similar amounts of energy drinks were consumed by both groups; respectively 48% and 53%. Gender differences were observed for the energy drinks with young men drinking the most. Coffee and energy drink consumption also rose with age by respectively 39% and 57%. The mean caffeine intake in pupils and students were respectively estimated to be 141 and 163 mg/day(d). The reasons why these beverages were drunk varied, from drinking coffee to keeping awake and drinking cola because of its good taste. Pupils also drank energy drinks due to its taste but students because of improved mental performance and in staying awake. Conclusions. Drinking caffeine containing drinks by adolescents can be very variable and comes from many different sources. Thus, its intakes may be very high and so require monitoring, particularly for the youngest. Further observational studies are needed to assess the consumption of energy drinks in relation to physical activity.
The influence of food gums (guar, xanthan, arabic) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) on bitterness and astringency of caffeine and tannic acid has been studied. The study was performed in critical concentrations (c*) for particular hydrocolloids as well as for values above and below c*. The ability of hydrocolloids to reduce the astringency and bitterness was evaluated using the method of taste indicator and expressed as a percentage of unreduced sensation. The results indicated that the ability of hydrocolloids to mask the astringency and bitterness was differential and depended both on the concentration and the type of the hydrocolloids used. CMC indicated the highest ability to mask bitterness and astringency among the hydrocolloids. It was found that the ability of these polymers to reduce the astringency was increasing above the c* concentrations.
Previously performed experiments showed that methylxanthines, especially caffeine, may protect cells against cytostatic or cytotoxic effects of several aromatic compounds. One of the proposed mechanisms of this protection is based on stacking interactions between π electron systems of polycyclic aromatic molecules. In this work, we demonstrate that caffeine and other methylxanthines  -  pentoxifylline and theophylline - significantly decrease mutagenicity of the anticancer aromatic drugs daunomycin, doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. The spectrophotometric titration of these aromatic compounds by methylxanthines indicated formation of mixed aggregates. The concentrations of free active forms of the drugs decreased when the concentrations of methylxanthines increased in the mixture. Therefore, likely methylxanthines may play a role of scavengers of the free active forms of daunomycin, doxorubicin and mitoxantrone.
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