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The effect of term of planting and size of bulbs on the yield of Allium moly bulbs was examined. Bulbs of circumference of 5–6 and 6–7 cm were planted in three terms: 29.09; 09.10 and 19.10. It was stated that term of planting as well as size of bulbs have significant effect on number and weight of bulbs in the total yield and in the yield of the biggest bulbs (over 6 cm circumference). The optimal term of planting was 29.09, when the best results were obtained. Bulbs of circumference of 5–6 cm gave significantly bigger yield than those of 6–7 cm circumference in respect to quantity and weight.
The yield increase of vegetables, including common onion (Alium cepa L.), is of great interest to growers. However, higher yield often leads to what is known as genetic dilution of mineral density. A technology of onion fertilization based on elemental sulfur (S0) fertilizers seems to be a simple agronomic measure preventing a decrease in the nutrient concentration in onion bulbs. To verify this hypothesis, field studies were conducted in the 2009 and 2010 seasons. A two-factorial trial consisted of five sulfur fertilizers: Sw (crude form of S0), Sm (micronized S0), SmCu (Sm enriched with copper 0.25%), SmZn (Sm enriched with zinc 0.5%), and AS (ammonium sulfate); and, as the second factor, of two doses of S: 30 and 60 kg ha-1. The NPK plot, included as an independent experimental variant, was used as the control. Yield of onion increased by 13% in response to 30 kg S ha-1, and by 44% when fertilized with 60 kg S ha-1. The yield of bulbs was significantly affected by increasing magnesium and negatively by sodium concentration. The increase in both bulb yields and dry matter content resulted in a simultaneous decrease in nutrient density, except sulfur. The strongest dilution effect was observed for sodium (-33%), iron (-19%), magnesium (-17%) and phosphorus (-16%). Such a negative development can be prevented by applying sulfur fertilizers in an appropriate form. The concentrations of N, P, K, N, and Cu responded most demonstrably to the added ammonium sulfate. The concentrations of S, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe were affected by the micronized form of S0 enriched with zinc. The magnesium concentration was the highest in plants fertilized with the crude form of S0.
Changes in inhibitor activity in the onion bulbs (Allium cepa L.) cv. Sochaczewska during storage were investigated. Onions were dried under an umbrella roof until October 15th or November 15th and thereafter stored in a cold-room at 0 - 1°C until May 15th. The activity of inhibitors fluctuated markedly during the storage period. At least two peaks and two decreases of inhibitor activity were observed. The weather conditions seemed to strongly influence the level and the date of appearance of inhibitors in onions. Higher inhibitor activity is usually connected with better storage and less sprouting of onions during storage. Prolonged drying under an umbrella roof enhanced onion quality after storage only in these cases when it actually improved the drying of onions.
Effect of morphactin IT 3456, an auxin transport inhibitor, on tulip stem elongation induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was investigated. Tulip stem growth induced by IAA 0.1 % in lanolin paste applied on the top internode after excision of flower bud and removal of all leaves was greatly inhibited by 0.2 % morphactin IT 3456 applied on the 4th, 3rd, 2nd and 1st internode. The inhibitory effect of the morphactin on tulips stem growth promoted by IAA was restored by additional application of IAA below the morphactin treatment place. Morphactin inhibited also the growth of all internodes induced by flower bud in the absence of leaves. These results suggest a crucial role of auxin in the control growth of all internodes in tulip stem.
In this study, we present investigations of morphological changes in the inflorescence of bolting Allium sativum L., which forms umbel-like inflorescences with small, inconspicuous flowers, bulbils, and leaf-like membranous bracts. Particular attention was focused on the architecture of a single flower, and the full sequence of developmental events and the differentiation of flower elements and inflorescence were traced. During the several-year long investigations of the garlic species, we observed that all inflorescence elements emerged chaotically, taking a completely random place in the inflorescence receptacle and it was impossible to identify the sequence of formation of the individual inflorescence elements. The absence of regular phyllotaxis and the specific sequence of formation of inflorescence elements are characteristic for inflorescence reversion. Since domesticated garlic has lost the capacity for sexual reproduction, it has probably evolved alternative reproduction modes in its developmental strategy, which is reflected by the formation of numerous bulbils (vegetative buds, topsets) in the inflorescence. This is one of the forms of reproductive strategy of the species, which through domestication progresses from sexual to asexual reproduction.
Antagonistic effect of Bacillus polymyxa, strain S13, toward Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The growth of the pathogen was greatly inhibited in dual cultures with Bacillus polymyxa on potato dextrose agar. Suspension of B. polymyxa and its filtrate substantially inhibited spore germination and development of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae on tulip bulbs.
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