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Evaluation of the effectiveness of the monitoring methods in the aspect of the population and distribution of the brown bear (Ursus arctos)

100%

Wielogorska K., Gruszczynska J.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica

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2019

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tom 18

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nr 4

2

Movements of European brown bears in Croatia

100%

Huber D., Roth H. U.

Acta Theriologica

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1993

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tom 38

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nr 2

Twenty six European brown bears Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 were captured, radio-collared, and tracked in and around Plitvice Lakes and Risnjak National Parks from 01 November 1981 to 25 July 1991. The largest male and female ranges were 224 km2 and 147 km2, respectively. Mean annual ranges were 128 km2 and 58 km^ for males and females, respectively. Male ranges were 2 to 5 times larger than female ranges. The median straight-line distance between consecutive day locations was 1.5 km for a!! bears and the maximum distance was 8.5 km. Distances traveled daily by males and females were similar, but movements of females were restricted to smaller areas, Winter ranges were significantly smaller than ranges during other seasons. Marked bears spent 52% of their time outside the Plitvice Lakes and Risnjak National Parks.

3

Brown bear Ursus arctos predation on livestock in the Cantabrian Mountains, Spain

100%

Clevenger A. P., Campos M. A., Hartasanchez A.

Acta Theriologica

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1994

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tom 39

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nr 3

The sites of 87 brown bear Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 attacks on livestock (horses, cattle, sheep, goats) were investigated in the Cantabrian Mountains, Spain. Ninety percent of livestock predation occurred between May and October, while attacks were most frequent during the months of May and July. There was no difference in overall attack rates between the first and second part of the year, nor among livestock type or age-class. Bears were not selective predators of livestock type or age-class, but had a slight tendency to attack more cattle and adult animals. Bear tracks and scats were found at slightly more than half of the sites visited, while bed construction and food-caching behaviour was rarely detected. Attacks were initiated most times on the neck and the head region. Muscle tissue and soft organs were most preferred body parts consumed by brown bears.

4

Visitor awareness of brown bear (Ursus arctos) human-food conditioning in Bieszczady and Tatra National Parks (Carpathians, Poland)

84%

Spalona A.

Biological Letters

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2012

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tom 49

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nr 2

5

Evidence of non-hibernation in Cantabrian brown bears

84%

Nores C., Ballesteros F., Blanco J. C., Garcia-Serrano A., Herrero J., Palomero G.

Acta Theriologica

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2010

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tom 55

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nr 3

203-209

Evidence of non-hibernation in brown bears Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 on the Iberian Peninsula has existed since the Middle Ages. We systematically monitored brown bears in the Cantabrian Mountains (Northern Spain) by recording tracks and sightings from 1998 to 2007 to document hibernation behaviour. Our results indicate that females with yearlings and solitary yearlings were more active in winter than bears over two years old. Intensive snow tracking and direct observations of five family groups indicated that they travelled, fed and defecated in winter, which are activities not compatible with the physiological state of hibernation. Also, based on tracking data, the maximum period between two consecutive locations of active family groups in winter was less than that needed by bears to emerge from a state of hibernation (6 days). We conclude that the family groups which we monitored in winter did not hibernate.

6

A frequent roundworm Baylisascaris transfuga in overpopulated brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Slovakia: a problem worthy of attention

84%

Strkolcova G., Goldova M., Snabel V., Spakulova M., Orosova T., Halan M., Mojzisova J.

Acta Parasitologica

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2018

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tom 63

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nr 1

7

Land use and land cover change in protected areas: using remote sensing to survey suitable habitats of brown bear Ursus arctos

84%

Farashi A., Parvian N., Najafabadi M. S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 3

In recent years, brown bear Ursus arctos populations in Iran have experienced a clear trend of reduction and the species is now officially listed as threatened under provincial legislation. Anthropogenic habitat alteration and increasing human access to previously remote landscapes are potential source of stress for this species in Iran. Therefore, land cover changes in the Chelcheli protected area were mapped for 1991–2013 using time sequential Landsat TM and ETM at 30 meters resolution. Moreover, Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling was used to investigate habitat selection of brown bear. The results showed that suitable patches overlapped with forest areas (Hyrcanian forest) and rivers. Our results also indicate that the brown bear habitat suitability is negatively influenced by human disturbance (e.g., roads, settlements). Increased human disturbance in brown bear habitat in recent decades may cause bears to avoid the disturbed areas. Therefore, the management plans should focus on reducing the human infrastructures around brown bear habitat. A suggestion is to place the core secure areas for brown bear inside the suitable habitat close to rivers where the human access is restricted. Promoting awareness of biodiversity conservation among tourism should also be one of the major focuses of management plans.

8

Large carnivores in the Carpathian Mountains: status and conservation problems

84%

Okarma H., Dovchanych Y., Findo S., Ionescu O., Koubek P., Szemethy L.

Nature Conservation

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2002

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tom 59

33-39

9

Brown bear winter feeding ecology in the area with supplementary feeding – Eastern Carpathians (Slovakia)

84%

Stofik J., Merganic J., Merganicova K., Bucko J., Saniga M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 2

We performed snow tracking of brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the area of the Eastern Carpathians affected by supplementary feeding during the winter periods from 2007 to 2013. On each snow track we recorded all food habits and collected all scats. From these data we calculated occurrence frequency of food habits on snow tracks, occurrence frequency, volumetric proportion and energy values of food items in scats. We revealed that: i) the most frequent food source on snow tracks was corn from supplementary feeding places for ungulates (FOST = 64%); ii) crops for ungulates was the most important food group found in scat samples of bears (EDEC = 61%, EDECST = 53%); iii) the analysis of the inter-seasonal (late autumn, winter and early spring) changes in winter bear diet based on scat analyses revealed decreasing importance of hard mast and fruit, and increasing importance of invertebrates, herbs and wood biomass and crops for ungulates from autumn to spring; iv) bears searched for food at lower elevations in comparison to the location of their beds which are situated at higher elevations. Winter bear activity and bear diet was affected by supplementary feeding for ungulates.

10

Early primiparity in brown bears

84%

Zedrosser A., Rauer G., Kruckenhauser L.

Acta Theriologica

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2004

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tom 49

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nr 3

We documented 2 cases of unusually early primiparity in brown bears Ursus arctos Linneaus, 1758 in an introduced population in central Austria. Two females gave birth at the age of 3 years.

11

The autumn and spring diet of brown bear Ursus arctos in the Bieszczady Mountains of Poland

84%

Frackowiak W., Gula R.

Acta Theriologica

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1992

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tom 37

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nr 4

Bieszczady Mountains of Poland. Acta theriol. 37: 339 - 344. The diet of brown bear Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 in the autumn of 1990 and the spring of 1991 was studied by the analysis of faeces contents (46 samples, 23 from autumn and 23 from spring). Based on frequency of occurrence of food items in individual faeces, the autumn diet of bears was more diverse than the spring diet. We calculated for each food item frequency percent (F%), dry weight percent (W%) and Importance Value (IV%). Beech Fagus silvatica nuts were the most important food during both spring and autumn (36.9% IV in autumn and 78.5% IV in spring). Carrion, used as a bait by hunters, and foodstuffs from game-feeding stations (maize, oats, beets) also appeared to be a significant part of the bears' diet.

12

On the age of self-sufficiency in Scandinavian brown bears

84%

Swenson J. E., Franzen R., Segerstrom P., Sandegren F.

Acta Theriologica

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1998

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tom 43

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nr 2

The young of brown bears Ursus arctos Linneaus, 1758 are sometimes orphaned and found by humans. People and authorities often want to help these young survive by taking them into captivity. We report on the fate of five young-of-the-year brown bears in two litters that lost their mothers in May and September. We left food for one of the two cubs that were abandoned in May after the other one had died. He was shot four years later and had a normal weight at that time. The other three lost their mother in September, probably to illegal hunting. One was lighter than normal the following May and died that year. The two others are still alive at almost six years of age, and have shown normal growth and reproduction. We conclude that young-of-the-year brown bear cubs in Scandinavia can survive well on their own from the beginning of July, and recommend that they be left where they are found.

13

The endoparasites of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in a protected landscape area

67%

Strkolcova G., Goldova M., Halan M., Orosova T., Bockova E.

Annals of Parasitology

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2016

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tom 62

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nr Suppl.

14

Sequencing mtDNA of the cave bear Ursus spelaeus from the Bavarian Alps is feasible by nested and touchdown PCR

67%

Kuhn R., Schroder W., Rottmann O.

Acta Theriologica

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2001

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tom 46

|

nr 1

Ancient DNA from bones of the extinct Ursus spelaeus Rosamueller et Hainroth, 1794 found in the Bavarian Alps has been amplified by PCR. Two out of five samples yielded a distinct band of 135 bp originating from the mtDNA control region. A combination of nested and touchdown PCR supported the amplification. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences revealed four transitions compared to the French cave bear sequence, the only cave bear data known so far (Genbank database X80259, AF121779). The consensus distant matrix tree clustered the two cave bears next to the brown bear Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758.

15

Sarcocystis arctosi sp.nov. [Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae] from the brown bear [Ursus arctos], and its genetic similarity to schizonts of Sarcocystis canis-like parasite associated with fatal hepatitis in polar bears [Ursus maritimus]

67%

Dubey J. P., Rosenthal B. M., Sundar N., Velmurugan G. V., Beckmen K. B.

Acta Parasitologica

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2007

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tom 52

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nr 4

The tissues of herbivores are commonly infected with cysts of parasites belonging to the apicomplexan genus Sarcocystis, but such sarcocysts are rare in bears. Here, we describe a new species, Sarcocystis arctosi, based on the mature sarcocysts identified in two brown bears (Ursus arctos) from Alaska, USA. Microscopic sarcocysts (37–75 × 20–42 μm) had thin walls (<1 μm). The outer layer of the sarcocyst, the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (pvm), was wavy in outline and had minute undulations that did not invaginate towards the sarcocyst interior; these undulations occurred at irregular intervals and measured up to 100 nm in length and up to 60 nm width. The ground substance layer beneath the pvm was smooth and lacked microtubules. Longitudinally cut bradyzoites measured 5.6–6.8 × 0.7–1.8 μm. A major portion of nuclear small subunit rDNA sequence obtained from these sarcocysts was similar to that previously obtained from the hepatic schizonts of a S. canis-like parasite from polar bears (Ursus maritimus).

16

Topography and morphology of arterial walls thickness in the limbs of the bears

67%

Tokarska E., Wegrzyn M., Bylina D., Lis I.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Biologia

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2004

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tom 03

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nr 1

17

Cytochrome P450 aromatase in male germ cells

59%

Carreau S., Levallet J.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

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1997

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tom 35

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nr 4

18

Effects of fragmentation and isolation on genetic variability of the Italian populations of wolf Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos

59%

Randi E.

Acta Theriologica. Supplement

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1993

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tom 38

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nr 2

During the last centuries many West European populations of wolf Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 and brown bear Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 have been extirpated from most of their former ranges. Isolated populations of wolves (about 300 - 400 animals) and brown bears (about 80 - 100 animals) actually survive in the Italian Apennines, while very few (5 - 10) brown bears remain in the Italian eastern Alps. We have investigated the consequences of isolation, demographic decline, and random drift on genetic variability of the Italian populations of wolf and brown bear using restriction site analysis and nucleotide sequencing of portions of the mitochondrial genome. The studied sequences were homogeneous within-populations of both species, but there was a fixed difference in mtDNA between brown bears form the Alps and from the Apennines. Random drift since the time of isolation is a plausible explanation for both results. These findings suggest that wolves and bears have small effective population sizes and, thus, they will continue to loose genetic variability by random drift in the near future. Conservation efforts should be directed towards an increase of the annual growth rates of these populations. The individualization of discrete phylogeographic units in the brown bear suggests to manage them separately in order to preserve the existing gene diversity among populations.

Ograniczanie wyników

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the monitoring methods in the aspect of the population and distribution of the brown bear (Ursus arctos)

Movements of European brown bears in Croatia

Brown bear Ursus arctos predation on livestock in the Cantabrian Mountains, Spain

Visitor awareness of brown bear (Ursus arctos) human-food conditioning in Bieszczady and Tatra National Parks (Carpathians, Poland)

Evidence of non-hibernation in Cantabrian brown bears

A frequent roundworm Baylisascaris transfuga in overpopulated brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Slovakia: a problem worthy of attention

Land use and land cover change in protected areas: using remote sensing to survey suitable habitats of brown bear Ursus arctos

Large carnivores in the Carpathian Mountains: status and conservation problems

Brown bear winter feeding ecology in the area with supplementary feeding – Eastern Carpathians (Slovakia)

Early primiparity in brown bears

The autumn and spring diet of brown bear Ursus arctos in the Bieszczady Mountains of Poland

On the age of self-sufficiency in Scandinavian brown bears

The endoparasites of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in a protected landscape area

Sequencing mtDNA of the cave bear Ursus spelaeus from the Bavarian Alps is feasible by nested and touchdown PCR

Sarcocystis arctosi sp.nov. [Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae] from the brown bear [Ursus arctos], and its genetic similarity to schizonts of Sarcocystis canis-like parasite associated with fatal hepatitis in polar bears [Ursus maritimus]

Topography and morphology of arterial walls thickness in the limbs of the bears

Cytochrome P450 aromatase in male germ cells

Effects of fragmentation and isolation on genetic variability of the Italian populations of wolf Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos