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The aim of this research is to analyse the changeability of features in chinchillas (Chinchilla veligera M.) according to the animals' country of origin, sex and the year of evaluation. The research was based on the data taken from the breeding farm within the four-year period (1995-1998). In 1998 there were about 60 females of the basic herd. The breeding was conducted in polygamous system (1 male and 4 females).
Conventional breeding methods are now supplemented by modern in vitro techniques. However, long term maintenance of cultures has many disadvantages. It incurs risk of loss through microbial contamination, somaclonal variation or human error, but above all the regeneration capacity can decrease gradually during extended maintenance. Cryopreservation as a method of long term storage of biological material without genetic alteration was adapted for embryogenic triticale calli preservation. Callus of both winter and spring genotypes were successfully cryopreserved. The best viability rates (80-85 %) were achieved with 6 weeks old winter genotypes treated with cryoprotective solution containing DMSO. This simple and efficient method of cryopreservation requires no special devices for controlled freezing and can be easily adapted for other cereals.
The aim of this study was an analysis of the factors that influence body size and hair coat quality of standard minks (Mustela vison Sch.). The analysis covered 3837 animals belonging to three genetic groups: one domestic (native) and two groups of half–imports (one of the parents, sire, imported from Denmark or Holland).
Influence of rearing station, birth year and interaction station x year on body weight and 4 measurments were studient on the population of 4665 yearling bulls reared in 4 performance testing station in tbe period 1972 - 1987. Body weight and body measurments were dependent much more on station than on year of birth. Interaction station x year of birth was significant Magnitude of changes in the body weight and measurements were relatively low in the period of 16 years indicating that body conformation of pure-breed Polish black-and-white yearling bulls underwent no significant changes.
Twenty field-grown genotypes of diploid Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., 2n = 2x = 14) were tested for their ability to induce callus and regenerate plants. Callus cultures were initiated from segments of immature inflorescences cultured on the MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D. The calluses were subcultured first on the maintaining medium (MS medium with 2.0 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D) and later on the rooting medium (MS medium with 0.2 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D). The frequency of callus induction varied depending on the source of explant and the initial genotype. A total of 473 green plantlets were regenerated, of which 420 were established in the soil. All these plants had the morphological characteristics of Italian ryegrass. Among 372 regenerants analysed cytologically, 302 (81.2%) had the expected diploid chromosome number (2n = 2x= 14), 65 (17.5%) were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28); several aneuploids and mixoploids were also observed. All diploid and tetraploid regenerants were male and female fertile. However, a great variation of female fertility within and between both groups of regenerants was observed.
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