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Osteocalcin is synthesized by osteoblasts and incorporated into bone matrix. During bone resorption by osteoclasts, osteocalcin is released from bone matrix. Plasma osteocalcin level may be used as a bone turnover marker. The aim of the study was to assess a relationship between osteocalcin level in blood and forearm bone mineral density in women. Significant negative correlation between osteocalcin concentration and bone mineral density of forearm mid distal region was found.
The bone mineral density (BMD) and the bone mineral content (BMC) in the bone tissue of the bilateral first phalanges of horses’ thoracic limbs were analysed. The research material consisted of isolated pastern bones derived from 22 horses. The research was conducted with the use of a Norland model Excell Plus densitometer (Fort Atkinson WI, USA), using affinited beam X-ray technology and an animal research programme (Research Scan, 3.9.6. version) at the following parameters: scanning resolution of 1.5 x 1.5 mm, scanning speed 60 mm/s. The differences between BMC and BMD values in bilateral first phalanges in the thoracic limbs in horses were found to be nonsignificant. It also appeared that there are statistically significant positive correlations between values of the left and right bone of both analysed variables.
Graves’ (GD) hyperthyroidism induces accelerated bone turnover that leads to decreased bone mineral density (BMD). The role of the VDR gene in predisposition to primary osteoporosis has been recognized. Recent studies show associations between the VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Here we analyzed if VDR gene polymorphisms: BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and Fok I may predispose women with Graves’ hyperthyroidism to BMD reduction or to disease development. The subjects were 75 premenopausal female Polish patients with GD and 163 healthy women. The genotyping was performed by the use of the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). We studied the association of the VDR polymorphisms and their haplotypes with patients’ BMD and also SNPs and haplotypes association with Graves’ disease. We found a strong linkage disequilibrium for the BsmI, ApaI, and Taq I polymorphims that formed three most frequent haplotypes in Graves’ women: baT (47.9%), BAt (34.9%), and bAT (16.4%). We did not show statistically significant association of analyzed VDR polymorphisms or haplotypes with decreased bone mineral density in Graves’ patients. However, the presence of F allele had a weak tendency to be associated with Graves’ disease (with OR=1.93; 95% CI: 0.97–3.84; p=0.058). In conclusion: VDR gene polymorphisms do not predict the risk of decreased BMD in Polish women with Graves’. It may be speculated that the F allele carriers of the VDR Fok I polymorphism are predisposed to Graves’ disease development
In a randomized study 50 women, aged 51.7±2.8 years, suffering from primary osteoarthrosis (OA), were divided into two, equal groups (I, II). The women were employed in garment industry in contract work system. They were working in compulsory, mainly standing position. The women complained of backache of the lumbar region continuing for the minimum 5 years. During the study, bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine was assessed twice with the densitometry DEXA method (Lunar Corporation equipment). Before treatment, structural changes in the lumbosacral spine were revealed using a CT Simens Sonata Plus 4. One energy technique (SEQCT) was applied. Concentrations of bone-forming markers in serum were measured three times: before treatment and 3 and 12 months afterwards. The concentration of acid phosphatase in serum was assessed by the enzymatic method according to Hitachi. The concentrations of osteocalcin and procolagen were radoimmunologically assessed by means of DRG Company – sets and concentration basal prolactin (PRL) before treatment radioimmunoassy kits produced by bioMerieux. In the first stage of the treatment, the women in the first group received placebo for three months. Slow Mag B6 was administered for three months to the women in the second group. In the second stage of the treatment, the women in both groups received 21-day therapeutic cycles of modified transdermal hormonal replacement therapy. Additionally, bromocriptine (2.5 mg per day) and Slow Mag B6 (160 mg per day) were administered orally. The cycles repeated at a 7-day interval. During the interval, withdrawal bleeding occurred. The results were statistically assessed by means of computerized programme package Statistica PL, version 5. It was stated that in 60% of women suffering from primary OA the basal concentration of prolactin in serum in was elevated above 25 ng/ml; in 25% women it was on the border level, and in 15% of the patients it was below the lower limit of the normal values. The combined treatment in women suffering from OA caused increase in bone-forming markers and decrease in pathological resorption processes of mineralization of the vertebral bodies. After 12 months of the therapy, resorption in the lumbar spine was diminished compared to the initial values, before the treatment. These changes were significant in L3/L4 vertebral bodies (p<0.05).
The objective of the study was to evaluate the content of vitamin D in the diet and in blood serum of adolescent girls and the impact thereof on the forearm bone mineral density. Fifty eight girls aged 12-13 years from Warsaw have been examined. Data regarding the intake of vitamin D have been obtained during three 24-h recalls undertaken in one year. The concentration of vitamin D in blood serum has been determined three times in the perspective of one year. Two measurements have been taken in winter, one in the summer. The forearm bone mineral density (BMD) in the non-dominating arm has been examined using p-DXA osteoplan in the middistal and ultradistal section. The diets of the girls examined are characterised by a very low content of vitamin D. The percentage of that content against recommended norm has remained at the level of 20-25%. In both winter periods the sufficient level of vitamin D in blood serum has been observed only among 8.9% of the girls. In the middistal section in the group of non-menstruating girls BMD have been significantly higher, when the level of vitamin D in blood serum exceeded 50 nmol/L.
The influence of sex on bone mineral density (BMD) and the bone mineral content (BMC) have been analysed in selected bones of the thoracic and pelvic limbs of African ostriches. The examination was conducted with the use of a densitometer, using the technology of affinited beam of X-ray and the programme for animal research. It was shown that the analysed bones of ostrich skeleton differed significantly regarding the BMD and BMC. Significantly higher values of both parameters were recorded in case of the bones of the pelvic limb in comparison with the bones of the thoracic limb. A central part of the shaft of the tibio-tarsal bone and its proximal end (the pelvic limb) were characterised by the highest values for both BMD and BMC, whereas for the ulnar and radial bones (the thoracic limb) the lowest values were obtained. The study also demonstrated that males showed a significantly higher BMD and BMC values than females referring to the pelvic bones, i.e. the tibio-tarsal bone. For further study aiming at monitoring changes in BMD and BMC during the growth and development of ostriches from hatching till the 14th month of life, the use of densitometer intravitally is recommended.
Graves' (GD) hyperthyroidism leads to reduced bone mineral density (BMD) accompanied by accelerated bone turnover. Ample studies have identified association between estrogen receptor (ESR1) gene polymorphism and decreased BMD and osteoporosis. In contrast, number of publications that link ESR1, BMD and Graves' disease is limited. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between ESR1 polymorphisms and BMD in premenopausal women with GD and to determine whether ESR1 polymorphic variants can predispose to GD. The study included 75 women aged 23-46 years with GD and 163 healthy controls. BMD was measured at lumbar spine and femoral neck. We investigated two SNPs in the ESR1 gene and analyzed genetic variants in the form of haplotypes reconstructed by statistical method. Three out of four possible haplotypes of the PvuII and XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphisms were found in GD patients: px (55.3 %), PX (33.3 %) and Px (11.4 %). Women homozygous for xx of XbaI and for pp of PvuII had the lowest BMD at lumbar spine. Moreover, the px haplotype predisposed to reduced lumbar BMD. No associations were observed for femoral neck BMD. No statistically significant relationship were found between ESR1 polymorphisms or their haplotypes and GD. These results indicate that the PvuII and the XbaI polymorphisms of ESR1 gene are associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal women with GD and may help to estimate the risk of bone loss particularly at lumbar spine. However, none of the ESR1 gene alleles predict the risk of GD in Polish female patients.
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