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Physical development and body composition parameters in 4-11-year-old children

100%

Cillik I., Willweber T.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2018

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tom 12

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nr 1

Background. In this paper, we present the results of the study concerning body development and body composition parameters dependency. Material and methods. The monitored sample consisted of 78 probands aged of 4 – 11 years: group I, 4 – 5 year-olds (13 probands) 5.17 ±0.52 years; group II, 6 – 7 year-olds (30 probands) 6.99 ±0.52 years; group III, 8 – 9 year-olds (25 probands) 8.8 ±0.52 years; group IV, 10 – 11 year-olds (10 probands) 10.92 ±0.53 years. To diagnose parameters of body composition the InBody 120 device was used. Results. As for the parameters of body composition, a rising linear trend was recorded with increasing age. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) values were found between age groups in body height (p = 3.76E-24), body weight (p = 4.65E-16), quantity of fat mass (p = 0.0475), quantity of skeletal muscles (p = 1.31E-20), total quantity of water in body (p = 2.23E-20), quantity of proteins (p = 1.83E-20), quantity of minerals (p = 2.06E-19) and in the level of basal metabolism (p = 1.77E-20). Conclusions. Our results of body height and body weight correspond to those obtained in national anthropometric measurements. BMI values respond to the developmental trends, but they differ in the achieved values of comparable age groups as our probands have achieved lower values than the Slovak population.

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Body composition and fatty tissue distribution in women with various menstrual status

100%

Dmitruk A., Czeczelewski J., Czeczelewska E., Golach J., Parnicka U.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2018

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tom 69

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nr 1

Background. Menopause, also referred to as climacterium, is a period of multiple changes in the structure and functions of a woman organism. Objective. Determination of differences in body composition and fatty tissue distribution in women from groups discriminated based on their menstrual status. Material and Methods. The survey covered 312 women aged 38-75 years. Menstrual status of the surveyed women was established according to WHO guidelines based on answers to a questionnaire, and three groups were discriminated: women in the premenopausal period (group 1), in the perimenopausal period (group 2), and in the postmenopausal period (group 3). The following anthropomological measurements were taken: body height, body mass, waist and hip circumference, and thickness of 6 skinfolds. Their results enabled evaluating the somatic built of women in the separated groups. Fatty tissue distribution was determined based on TER distribution index calculated as a ratio of the sum of trunk skinfolds (TSS) to the sum of extremity skinfolds (ESS). Body composition of the women, including percentage of body fat, lean body mass, soft tissue mass, and total body water, was assessed using an IOI 353 analyzer by JAWON MEDICAL. In addition, percentages of women with underweight, normal content of fatty tissue, and these with overweight and obesity were calculated. The WHR index was computed in the case of obese women. Results. The highest values of body mass, hip circumference and most of the skinfolds were determined in the perimenopausal group, whereas the postmenopausal women were characterized by the highest percentage of body fat (PBF) and by the lowest contents of lean tissue, soft tissue, and total water content in the body. The highest percentage of obese women was found in the postmenopausal group, including 40% of them having visceral type obesity. The occurrence of the menopause contributed to changes in fatty tissue distribution, causing its shift from extremities toward the trunk. Conclusions. The study showed differences in the somatic built and body composition in groups of women distinguished based on their menstrual status.

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Physical activity and body composition of 5 to 7 years old children

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Junger J., Palanska A., Cech P.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2014

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tom 08

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nr 3

Current exercise prescription and physical activity guidelines recommend preschool children to perform at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous structured physical activity and at least 60 minutes of unstructured physical activity every day. The purpose of this study was to extend knowledge about the volume of physical activity in 5- to 7-year-old children in relation to their body composition. Also, we recorded the course of growth changes and physical activity levels in 6-year-old children in the previous half century. The sample consisted of 69 pre-school age children (5 - 7 years) attending selected kindergartens located in the area of Presov self-governing region. Of 69 children, 36 were girls and 33 were boys. The volume and intensity of physical activity performed by children during their stay in kindergartens was measured using heart rate monitoring system POLAR Team 2 Pro. Body composition was assessed using direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectric impedance analysis (DSM-BIA) device InBody 230. Parameters of somatic development corresponding with the secular trend are disproportionate to children’s physical activity, which is considered to be an irreplaceable factor underlying health of children. However, the physical activity levels of children are decreasing. The volume of physical activity does not meet the minimum standard recommended by NASPE (Prokopec et al. 1986) and average intensity of physical activity expressed by heart rate does not reach the medium intensity zone.

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Uric acid in hypertension - a marker of cardiovascular risk related to body composition

86%

Palkowska-Gozdzik E., Krzesinski P., Piotrowicz K., Stanczyk A., Gielerak G., Piechota W., Skrobowski A.

Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research

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2015

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tom 09

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nr 2

Introduction. Elevated uric acid (UA) is associated with arterial hypertension (AH), obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. However, its association with body components has not been previously investigated. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between UA and cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometric parameters and body composition in patients with AH. Materials and method. In 138 patients with AH the following parameters were evaluated: UA, low and high density lipoproteins (LDL-C, HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose (FG), creatinine; body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM) and total body water (TBW). Results. Positive correlations were shown between UA and LDL-C (p=0.041), TG (p<0.001), FG (p=0.025) and creatinine (p<0.001) and negative between UA and HDL-C (p<0.001). Significant associations between UA and anthropometric parameters and body components, such as WC (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), FFM (p<0.001) and TBW (p<0.001), were also observed. In the multiple regression model, independent predictors of UA concentration were serum creatinine and TBW (R2=0.45; p<0.001). Conclusions. In patients with AH, uric acid was significantly related to cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity. However, the main anthropometric determinant of plasma UA concentration is FFM. The consideration of body composition in the interpretation of UA concentration appears to be justified, but the verification of this hypothesis requires further studies.

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Body composition in the elderly

86%

Steen B.

Żywienie Człowieka i Metabolizm

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1990

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tom 17

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nr 4

Zmiany w składzie starzejącego się ludzkiego ciała są przedmiotem zainteresowania zarówno gerontologów jak i geriatrów; odzwierciedlają czynniki genetyczne i środowiskowe, takie jak aktywność fizyczna, żywienie i choroba, jak również fizjologiczne procesy starzenia się. Istnieje wiele dostępnych metod umożliwiających zrozumienie różnych przedziałów u ludzi. Badania nad składem ciała w wyższej grupie wiekowej prowadziliśmy w tym samym laboratorium przez około dwadzieścia lat stosując czteroprzedziałowy model przy wykorzystaniu całkowitej zawartości w organizmie potasu oraz wody. Błędy, którymi obarczone są takie metody, zostały dokładnie przedyskutowane w innych pracach. Prospektywne badania składu ciała, przeprowadzone w ramach tej pracy, u tych samych mężczyzn i kobiet od wieku 70 do 81 lat wykazały spadek ciężaru ciała podczas tego dziesięciolecia u obu płci, średnio o 7 kg u mężczyzn i 6 kg u kobiet. Ten spadek ciężaru ciała mógł być częściowo spowodowany obniżeniem zawartości tłuszczu. Zmiany w zawartości tłuszczu w ciele były jednak zbyt małe, by osiągnąć znamienność statystyczną. Co się tyczy masy komórkowej ciała, nasze badania wykazały, że utrata ciężaru ciała u mężczyzn bardziej odpowiada utracie masy komórkowej, natomiast u kobiet bardziej utracie tłuszczu. W tym kontekście warto zauważyć, że ćwiczenia fizyczne kończyn dolnych, włączając ćwiczenia siłowe, są skuteczne także u osób starszych. Ponadto, wyniki kilku prac badawczych wykazały, że zastosowanie wysiłku fizycznego może być efektywną metodą zapobiegającą utracie zawartości mineralnej kości i osteoporozie. W naszej pracy najważniejszą przyczyną spadku ciężaru ciała podczas ósmej dekady życia był spadek zawartości wody w ciele, głównie wody pozakomórkowej.

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Comparison of body composition, physical fitness parameters and skeletal muscle damage indices among young Indian male soccer and hockey players

86%

Sarkar S., Chatterjee S., Dey S. K.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

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2019

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tom 11

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nr 2

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Effects of glycyl-glutamine on the growth performance and lipid deposition in Yue-Huang broilers

86%

Shu G., Gao P., Zhu X. T., Jiang Q. Y., Xu P. W., Zhou G. X., Sun F. W., Fu W. L.

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 2

232-240

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Validation of two new total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) instruments for estimating body composition of live northern red-backed voles Clethrionomys rutilus

86%

Zuercher G. L., Roby D. D., Rexstad E. A.

Acta Theriologica

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1997

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tom 42

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nr 4

Total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) is a method for non-destructively estimating body composition. We sought to monitor seasonal changes in total body fat in northern red-backed voles Clethrionomys rutilus (Pallas, 1779), a microtine (10-45 g). We validated two new TOBEC instruments: the SA-3000 by EM-SCAN Inc. and the ACAN-2 by Jagmar Inc. Both instruments explained 94% of the variation in lean body mass and total body water. However, accuracy of fat estimates generated from lean mass predictions was poor for both instruments (± > 100%). Two instrument-specific multiple regression models and a TOBEC-free multiple regression model were used to estimate total body fat. All three improved the ability to predict total body fat in C, rutilus. These two TOBEC instruments can not be used to measure changes in total body fat of individual C. rutilus due to the small amount of fat reserves and lack of seasonal variation.

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Body weight and composition of BIG-6, BUT-9 and Bronze turkeys in different periods of rearing - a comparative analysis

86%

Brzozowski W., Lewczuk A., Michalik D., Bochno R.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences

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2002

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tom 12

10

The effects of a 10-week step aerobics training on VO2max, isometric strength and body composition of young women

72%

Drobnik-Kozakiewicz I., Sawczyn M., Zarebska A., Kwitniewska A., Szumilewicz A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2013

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tom 04

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nr 4

Health status is partly determined by physical fitness level. Physical fitness can be developed through different physical activities under condition that regularity and intensity are maintained on optimal level. One of such physical activities is step aerobics - one of the most popular collective fitness forms offered in fitness clubs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of step aerobics training on VOmax, isometric strength and body composition of young female students. Female students aged 19–21 of University of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk were subjects in this study. VO2max, isometric strength of elbow flexors and knee extensors, as well as body composition, were measured week before and week after a ten-week step aerobics training. For statistical analysis, basic descriptive statistics and student’s t-test were applied for dependent variables. After ten weeks of training there were no statistically significant changes in body composition, probably due to lack of calorie intake control. Significant changes were observed in isometric strength of elbow flexors but no changes in isometric strength of knee extensors. There was a compensation in isometric strength noted between left and right leg after ten weeks of training, where left leg was weaker than the right leg before training. Significant changes were noted in VO2max values, which increased from 42.04 ml/kg/min–1 to 45.71 ml/kg/min–1. Step aerobics training can sufficiently increase VO2max in young females and has a potential in developing strength of upper extremities. When body composition is the main purpose, diet should be taken under consideration.

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Bioimpedance vector pattern in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

72%

Malecka-Massalska T., Smolen A., Zubrzycki J., Lupa-Zatwarnicka K., Morshed K.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2012

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tom 63

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nr 1

12

Use of thermal imaging in the evaluation of body surface temperature in various physiological states in patients with different body compositions and varying levels of physical activity

72%

Chudecka M.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2013

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tom 02

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nr 2

This is a review of thermal imaging methods used for the measurement of body surface temperatures, including the most important medical applications, papers on thermal maps of people with various body compositions, and the applicability of thermal imaging in sport training.

13

Factor structure of morphological variability in male and female rowers

72%

Forjasz J., Kuchnio M.

Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism

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2009

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tom 16

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nr 3

14

Crossfit training changes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and irisin levels at rest, after Wingate and progressive tests, and improves aerobic capacity and body composition of young physically active men and women

72%

Murawska-Cialowicz E., Wojna J., Zuwala-Jagiello J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2015

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tom 66

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nr 6

15

Use of different methods for testing morphological characteristics and evaluation of body tissue composition of swimmers

72%

Pietraszewska J., Jakubowski W.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2013

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tom 03

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nr 3

Specific characteristics of sport disciplines require their performers to meet certain demands, also those related to body build. A success is conditioned, among other things, by the morphological structure of competitors. For this cause, their somatic features should be taken into consideration in the selection process. The aim of this research was to describe the level of morphological development and body proportions of swimmers in comparison to their non-practicing peers. What is more, different methods were used to evaluate body tissue composition. The research was based on the measurements of 33 swimmers and 36 non-practicing sport males as a control group, with the average training period of 9 years. The subjects ranged from 18 to 23 years of age. The anthropometric features were examined. Two methods, anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance, were used to estimate the amount of body fat. Athletes performing swimming are characterized by the significant body height, long trunk, wide range of arms and highly developed shoulder girdle. Directed and systematic training has an influence on a great development of the upper part of the trunk and a slight decrease in body fat. The observed differences indicate that depth, circumference and mobility of the chest developed in swimming have a positive influence on the respiratory system. Poor differences observed in the amount of fat in the athletes and non-practicing subjects may result from the fact that the body accumulates fat tissue, used as a good thermal insulation.

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The relationship between selected anthropometric variables and the sports results of early pubescent swimmers

72%

Bielec G., Jurak D.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

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2019

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tom 11

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nr 1

17

Aging with quality of life - a challenge for society

72%

Hauser G., Neumann M.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2005

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tom 56

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nr 2

35-48

This article focusses on biological, nutritional, psychological, medical and social variables which have proven useful indicators for assessing wellbeing of individuals. Such objective data (measured by the two investigators) and subjective information (self-reported by the participants) were collected between 2002-2003 from samples of healthy, freeliving females and males aged between 59 and 92 years from Vienna and surroundings. In both these groups some habitual practices (habit variables) were observed of elderly and old which have a negative influence on health i.e low daily liquid uptake and smoking. There is also a fair amount of overweight and obesity (BMI>=30) and also of hypertension, particularly in males, There is also malnourishment, predominantly in females, as reflected by the Body Cell Mass Index. Several participants either were not aware of being hypertensive or admitted that they deliberately ignored medical advice. With respect to social variables there are greater percentages of married males and widowed females. Possibly partially resulting from this loss of the partner a greater number of females report feelings of loneliness than do males. Positive results relate to the overall high percentages of family contacts, positive feelings towards life and physical activity as reported by the large majority of the participants. These findings stress the need for further information of living habits of the elderly and old as a possible guide of helping improve their quality of life.

18

Evaluation of morphological indices and total body electrical conductivity to assess body composition in big brown bats

72%

Pearce R. D., O'Shea T. J., Wunder B. A.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2008

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tom 10

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nr 1

Bat researchers have used both morphological indices and total body electric conductivity (TOBEC) as proxies for body condition in a variety of studies, but have typically not validated these indices against direct measurement of body composition. We quantified body composition (total carcass lipids) to determine if morphological indices were useful predictors of body condition in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). We also evaluated body composition indirectly by TOBEC using EM-SCAN® technology. The most important predictors of body composition in multiple regression analysis were body mass-to-forearm ratio (partial r2 = 0.82, P < 0.001) followed by TOBEC measurement (partial r2 = 0.08, P < 0.001) and to a minor extent head length (partial r2 = 0.02, P < 0.05). Morphological condition indices alone may be adequate for some studies because of lower cost and effort. Marking bats with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags affected TOBEC measurements.

19

Effects of diet modification and the resultant body weight loss on body composition in obese menopausal women

72%

Friedrich M.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2007

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tom 57

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nr 4

503-508

The experiment was aimed at determining effects of health-promoting nutritional education and changes in dietary habits of menopausal women and their body weight loss on the composition of their body. Fourth-month nutrition-awareness education resulted in a reduction of dietary energy content, total protein consumption (including uptake of animal protein), total fat (including saturated fats), cholesterol, sucrose, and Na. On the other hand, an increase was recorded in the consumption of plant protein, starch, dietary fibre, vitamin B6, PP and beta-carotene as well as mineral components – K, Ca, Mg, Zn and liquid. Those changes were accompanied by slow, but steady, reduction of body weight (from 86.7±8.5 to 80.7±8.2 kg), and a reduction of BMI (from 33.3±3.5 to 31.3±3.4), WHR (from 0.87±0.09 to 0.84±0.07), and WHtR (from 0.65±0.06 to 0.60±0.06). A change in body composition involving not only a significant reduction in the fat proportion (from 46.6±5.9 to 41.8±4.1%) and an increase in the fatless body weight (from 51.3±5.3 to 57.2±3.6%) and water content (from 39.1±3.4 to 42.8±3.6%), but primarily a true reduction of the body fat content (from 38.7±7.9 to 33.3±6.7 kg), without any change in the fatless weight and water content were found as well.

20

Location of body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in professional male field hockey players in relation to their field position

72%

Krzykala M.

Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism

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2009

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tom 16

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nr 2

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