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The aim of the project was to observe the influence of a high dose of BioPlus 2B on selected parameters and mean weight gain of suckling piglets. The body weight of piglets was controlled and blood samples were taken on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of the experiment. The red blood cells (RBC) increased gradually in both groups and at the end of the experiment, the number of erythrocytes in the experimental group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The level of urea in the control piglets began increasing from the fourth week of life. At the fifth, sampling the urea level in the control group was considerably higher and the difference between groups was significant (P < 0.05). By the week five the mean weight gains differed significantly between the groups (P < 0.05). The final mean weight of experimental piglets was 10.6 kg and the control piglets 9.9 kg.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of propylene glycol supplementation as powder top dressing during the transition period on selected blood parameters in dairy cows and to evaluate the optimum time of the administration of this glucose precursor. Forty-eight Holstein-Fresian cows were divided into four groups: control with no glycol supplementation, glycol administered from day 14 before parturition until calving, glycol supplemented from calving to day 14 postpartum, and glycol fed from day 14 prepartum to day 14 of lactation. Blood samples were collected three weeks and then one week before parturition and on 14th, 56th, and 70th d of lactation, then concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were analysed. Propylene glycol, which was supplemented as top dressing during transition period, had no major effects on biochemical variables throughout this period. However, there was observed a positive glycol effect on glucose concentration and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase during lactation.
The aim of the study was to compare haematological and biochemical indices and mineral composition of bone tissue in the 4th and 5th caudal vertebra of 14-day-old Blackheaded (n = 117) and Romney Marsh (n = 100) Iambs (LK < 27 mmol/1) whose mothers had received Vitazol AD₃E and Polfamix "O" from the 60th day of pregnancy. Ht, Hb, MCHC, TSP, urea, ALT, AST as well as Na, K, Ca, Pinorg, Mg were determined in serum and bone tissue. Racial differences in the studied indices were observed, which showed that the Blackheaded lambs had lower value of Ht and Hb (P≤0.01) and higher total protein content, AST activity (P≤0.05) and body weight as compared with the Romney Marsh lambs. No effects of the applied supplements were observed as to the concentration of macroelements in the serum of either breed. On the other hand, the Blackheaded lambs, whose mothers had received Pofamix "O" during pregnancy, demonstrated higher (P≤0.05) concentration of bone tissue calcium (24.05 mmol/l in 1 g of dry weight) in comparison with control lambs (21.47 mmol/l in I g of dry weight). In the Romney Marsh lambs, the application of Vitazol AD₃E resulted in higher (P≤0.05) calcium concentration (23 .46 mmol/l in 1 g of dry weight) and higher (P≤0.05) ratio of Ca to P ( 1.59: 1) in bone tissue compared with the control lambs (respectively 19.96 mmol/l in 1 g of dry weight and 1.17: 1).
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), a derivative of glutaminic acid and glutamate, was shown to increase muscle protein synthesis as well as to have a positive effect on the quality of bone strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AKG supplemented either as a salt (Ca + AKG) of pH 5 AKG 5, or in the pure form of pH 2 (AKG 2) on rats growth, performance, feed utilization, some blood parameters and histology of the small intestine. Sixty four rats were divided into 4 treatments and stayed on trial for 9 (n = 6) or 18 days (n = 10). The AKG 2 treated rats were observed to generally have the lowest average daily gain (ADG) with a high average daily food intake (ADFI). The only significant difference found was a reduced (P < 0.03) feed efficacy on day 9 of the AKG 2 treatment from that of the control group. All dietary treatments showed higher Hb levels than the controls on day 9, with those of dextrose and AKG 2 being significant (P < 0.03 and P < 0.005, respectively). The enterocyte crypt depth in the proximal small intestine of the AKG 2 treated rats was significantly enlarged in comparison to that of the dextrose group. From day 9 to day 18, the control as well as the dextrose and the AKG 2 treatments showed an increase in the free Gln levels, while the AKG 5 group showed a decrease in free Gln levels over time. In the AKG 2 group, the level of peptide bound (PB) Gln + Glu was higher than in controls.
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of replacing triticale (high rumen degradable starch) with maize grain (low rumen degradable starch) during the transition period and the first 120 days of lactation on metabolic and hormonal profile indices, milk production and fertility performance in cows. Forty-eight Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were divided into 4 groups: TT (2.5 kg triticale grain/cow per day supplemented from 14 days prepartum to day 120 postpartum), TM (2.5 kg triticale grain/cow per day supplemented from day 14 before parturition to calving, and then 2.5 kg maize grain to 120 days of lactation), MT (2.5 kg maize grain/cow per day supplemented from day 14 before parturition to calving, and then 2.5 kg triticale grain to 120 days of lactation), MM (2.5 kg maize grain/cow per day supplemented from 14 days prepartum to day 120 postpartum). Blood samples were collected 3 weeks and 1 week before calving and on days 14, 56 and 70 of lactation, and they were analyzed in terms of concentrations of glucose, insulin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor I, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. Milk samples were collected twice a day at weekly intervals and analyzed for fat, protein and lactose. Milk yield and individual dry mater intake were recorded at weekly intervals. Body condition was estimated 3 weeks before calving, on parturition day and on days 14, 56 and 120 of lactation. Replacing triticale grain with maize grain in the transition period and during lactation positively affected fertility of lactating cows. An increased first service conception rate and shortening of the days open period was observed in MM and TM groups in comparison to those found in group MT (P ≤ 0.05). The lowest number of services per conception was recorded in groups MM and TM (P ≤ 0.05). Although the impact of milk production and the most of the blood indices were not significantly affected by this treatment, the results of the study suggest that maize grain in the transition period and lactation might be a more effective energy source for dairy cows than triticale grain.
Investigations were carried out in rearing station in Mrozowo on 92 bull calves. In the first year of life blood samples were collected every month and level of hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, hematocrits, total protein and its fractions, urea, nitrogen a-amine, AspAT, ALAT, AP, glucose, cholesterol and bilirubin were analysed. Usefulness for reproduction was defined by quantity and quality of semen obtained from bulls it 12-th month of life. Results were combined in correlative pairs and subjected to analysis of multiple regression. Occurence of great fluctuations of calculated correlation coeflicients (from positive to negative) and deficiency of longer periods with constant level of relationship suggest that examined blood indices are rather useless in prognosing semen quality.
The respective investigations were carried out in the central rearing station of bulls at Mrozowo on 92 animals aging 1-12 months. Every month blood samples were taken from bulls and the level of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leucocytes, hematocrit, total protein and its fractions, urea, α-amine nitrogen, AspAT, ALAT, AP, glucose, cholesterol and bilirubin was determined. The results were subjected to the statistical analysis. It has been found that along with the growth of bulls increased in the blood serum the total protein level due to an increase of γ-globulin fractions. The activity increased since the age of 5 months and then it gradually decreased. The cholesterol level increased since the age of 4 months. Among the blood indices investigated the stablest values in subsequent month of life of the bulls showed erythrocytes, hematocrit and albumins.
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