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The article reviews the current opinions on mare endometrosis: the types of the degenerative changes observed in the endometrium of mares and mechanisms of its origin. Conclusions based on both literature and our own observation indicate the fibrosis of the stroma and disorders in differentiation and proliferation of the glandular epithelium play major roles in the process of mare endometrosis. These processes damage the proper functioning of the glandular and superficial epithelium making implantation and embryo development impossible. It has not been explained why these degenerative changes in the endometrium occur.
The aim of the research was to test the tunica mucosa of the oviduct and endometrium in female cats with ovarian cysts. Material (oviducts and uterus) was obtained during ovariohysterectomy. The investigation was carried out on oviducts and uteruses of 23 cats. The first group consisted of 15 cats which had ovarian cysts, the second group consisted of 8 cats without cysts. The organs were collected during surgery, after which they were fixed in 4% formalin for 48 h and processed routinely with paraffin embedding. Sections were cut at 6-7 µm, mounted on slides, dyed, deparaffinized in xylenes and rehydrated in graded ethanol solutions. Sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and van Gieson. The tunica mucosa of the oviduct in the uterus were investigated. The number of cells in the epithelium were quantified by morphometry. In endometrium, in zona glandularis atrophy of glands, as well as in the degradation of epithelial cells exsecretory ducts occur. Secretory segments are cystic dilated with remaining secretions. Hypersecretion of facial epithelium is visible. Morphological changes in ovaries and uteruses result in persistent infertility in cats.
The aim of this work was to examine specimens from 56 mares subjected to endometrial biopsy. Special attention was paid to inflammatory cells and mast cells. It was found that endometritis eosinophilica evolved into endometritis lymphocytaria. The development of endometrosis was accompanied by a slight increase in the relative number of mast cells in the interstitial tissue. At the same time, diffused eosinophils and variable numbers of lymphocytes and macrophages were present. These results may suggest that the primary inflammatory process in endometrium contributes to the secondary progressive interstitial fibrosis. The process of the activation of eosinophils, lymphocytes, mast cells and macrophages may result from hormonal disturbances and may reflect a pathological stimulation of these cells by estrogens through specific nuclear receptors.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the structural changes senn in the endometrial biopsy of mares. Mares were selected for the examination in which the clinical disease or infertility were diagnosed. The research was done on 107 mares, of various race and age. The biopsy specimens were fixed in 10% formalin, paraffin embedded, and routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Some specimens were histochemically stained with Alcian blue and periodic acid Schiff, likewise immunoperoxidase methods were used for the visualization estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors. The results of investigation included the following number of cases of specific diseases that were diagnosed: 19 - catarrhal inflammation; 3 - purulent inflammation; 24 - lymphocytic inflammation; 9 - eosinophilic inflammation, 40 - endometriosis; and 1 case of endometrial atrophy. In 11 cases no lesions were found. The endometrial biopsy is a recommended laboratory method for the exact diagnosis of mares’ uterus health status.
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