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The infection of metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum cuticola (v. Nordmann, 1832), the agent of black-spot disease, was investigated in 0+juvenile fish from 19 localities in south-east Moravia, Czech Republic. Of the 30 fish species examined, only cyprinids of 12 species were found to be infected. Five species of Leuciscinae, Rutilus rutilus, Leuciscus idus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Abramis bjoerkna and Abramis brama, fish with similar behaviour and habitat preference in juvenile period, were the most susceptible fish hosts for P. cuticola metacercariae. Especially high infection parameters were found in intergeneric hybrids of the studied leuciscine species. Environmental conditions were an important factor for parasite infection. The fish from flooded borrow pits, inhabiting lentic water bodies with dense vegetation in the littoral zone, showed high prevalence and abundance of P. cuticola infection contrary to their conspecifics in water reservoirs with steep banks and fish from rivers.
The Polish energy potential development could in future depend on biomass production. The cultivation area of short rotation willow decreased in last years. One of the main reason was the epidemic occurrence of pests and diseases. The aim of this study was to recognize the main pests and pathogens of short rotation willow and to investigate the possibility of control. Field observation of pests and diseases were conducted in 2007–2009 at Field Experimental Station Winna Góra. Plant protection tests were performed in 2008–2009. The predominant pathogen and the most dangerous was recognized as Melampsora epitae, the casual agent of rust. It could caused plant defoliation and decreased biomass yield. An important disease was also anthracnose, caused by Glomerella cingulata. The pathogen caused leaf necroses and shoot death. Fungicide treatment showed high efficacy in the control of pathogens. The treatment also increased the biomass yield. Among pests the most important were Earias chlorana and Phratora vitellinae. Insecticide treatment reduced leaf damage caused by pests.
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