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The processes of growth and development as well as the yield quality of crops depend on the abundance of soil nutrients and the ability of the plants to uptake nutrients. Nutrients can be taken up more efficiently after application of a biostimulant. The effect of biostimulants depends on the content of their active substance as well as the dose, timing and frequency of their application. In 2009-2011, a controlled field experiment was conducted in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province (53°13′N; 17°51′E). The objective was to analyse the effect of the timing and doses of foliar application of the biostimulants: Kelpak SL (seaweed extract containing phytohormones) and Asahi SL (a mixture of phenolic compounds) on the content of macroelements: Mg, P, Ca, N, Na and K in the storage roots of carrot directly after harvest and after storage (for 6 months in chambers with controlled conditions: temp. +1°C, Rh 95%). Kelpak SL was applied once in a dose of 3 or 2 dm3 ha-1, twice in doses of 3+2 dm3 ha-1 or 2+2 dm3 ha-1 at intervals of two or four weeks, as well as three times in doses 3+2+2 dm3 ha-1 or 2+2+2 dm3 ha-1, every two weeks. Asahi SL was applied twice in doses 0.5+0.5 dm3 ha-1,at a two-week interval. The first application of biostimulants was always performed at the 4-leaf stage. The study showed that the biostimulants Kelpak SL and Asahi SL, irrespective of the dose and frequency of application, increased the N concentration in the carrot roots. An increase in the Mg, P, Na and K concentrations was observed after a single application of Kelpak SL in a dose of 2 dm3 ha-1, and in the Ca concentration after a dose of 3 dm3 ha-1. Asahi SL did not affect the Mg, P, Ca and Na concentrations but increased the K content in the roots. After storage, the content of Mg, Na and K decreased, whereas the concentration of P, Ca and N did not change. Directly after harvest and after storage, positive correlation between N and K and between N and Na, as well as between Na and K was indicated.
The aim of the research was to determine the influence of biostimulants amino acids and amino acids + Ascophyllum nodosum filtrate on two broccoli cultivars ‘Agassi’ and ‘Tiburon’ and their response to soil drought. The plants were watered with Ascophyllum nodosum filtrate before planting and sprayed with amino acids after planting three times. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were performed before, during and after stress. They showed a considerable difference in cultivars’ response to stress, with ‘Agassi’ being more sensitive. Application of biostimulants enhanced the tolerance to drought stress. Maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII was unchanged, whereas the quantum yield of electron transport and photochemical fluorescence quenching values increased and the non-photochemical fluorescence quenching decreased. Moreover, the apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate rose. Chlorophyll content index was affected by the cultivar and application of biostimulants.
This research was conducted to determine the effects of two biostimulants (humic acid and biozyme) or three different salt (NaCI) concentrations at the tempera"'15, 20 and 25" C on parsley, leek, celery, tomato, onion, lettuce, basil, radish seed germination. Two applications of both biostimulants increased 'nation of parsley, celery and leek at all temperature treatments. Germination rate decreased depending on high salt concentrations. At different salt and temperature garden cress was characterised by the highest germination percentage to other vegetable species. Interactions between NaCl concentrations and temperatures, as well as biostimulants and temperatures were significant at p = 0.001 in for all vegetable species except onion in NaCl concentrations and temperatures that of the control.
Within a three-year cycle of studies, experiments were conducted with Polyversum WP biofungicide and Asahi SL biostimulant used as crop protection products of strawberry fruits of Kent and Senga Sengana varieties. A comparative combination was made of the following fungicides: thiram, iprodione, pyrimethanil and fenhexamid, that were applied accordingly to the strawberry protection program. All protective treatments had no significant effect on dry matter content of the fruits of both strawberry varieties and on the marketable yield in the case of Kent var. fruits. The use of combination of Asahi SL and Polyversum WP preparations resulted in increased contents of vitamin C and total sugars in fruits of Kent var. In the case of Senga Segana var., this treatment had a beneficial effect only on vitamin C content in one year of the study and on the increase in the marketable yield when coupled with synthetic fungicides. The applied crop protection products caused also sporadic changes in the contents of extract, organic acids, polyphenols, anthocyanins and antioxidative capacity of fruits of both strawberry varieties.
The study was conducted in 2015–2017 to assess the influence of rootstocks on the growth and fruiting of apple trees of cv.‘Šampion’ cultivated on rootstocks M26, P2. M9, and P22 with the following treatments: mineral fertilization (NPK), nano-concentrations of elements (Fe, Co, Al, Mg, Mn, Ni, Ag), natural chicken manure fertiliser, humus, microbial product, plant amino acids, and stillage yeasts. ‘Šampion’ apple trees grew vigorously on rootstocks M26 and P2 when humus and microbiological biostimulants were applied, especially in terms of the shoot diameter and TCSA. The best fruit yield and quality parameters were obtained in apple trees growing on rootstocks M9 and M26 fertilised with microbiological biostimulants and formulations containing plant amino acids. Apples with the highest concentration of nutrients, in particular minerals, were harvested from trees growing on rootstocks M9 and P22 and stimulated with nanoparticle mineral preparations and humus formulations.
The biostimulant products are able to improve quality and quantity of medicinal plants. The comparative effects of biostimulants foliar spraying on peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) were investigated. These studies were done on the basis of randomized complete blocks design in 3 replicates during 2015. In field conditions, the highest leaves and stems dry weight by 400 mg/l chitosan (CH) + 400 mg/l citric acid (CA), essential oil content by 200 mg/l chitosan + 400 mg/l humic acid (HA) + 400 mg/l citric acid and menthol content in 200 mg/l chitosan + 800 mg/l humic acid + 400 mg/l citric acid were observed. In greenhouse conditions, the best results of those mentioned parameters were obtained by 400 mg/l chitosan + 800 mg/l humic acid + 400 mg/l citric acid, 800 mg/l humic acid and 400 mg/l chitosan + 400 mg/l humic acid + 400 mg/l citric acid, respectively.
There was tested an influence of three biostymulants Atonik SL, Biochikol 020 PC and Tytanit on yield and fruits quality of three fruiting repeating Polish raspberry cultivars: Pokusa, Polka and Poranna Rosa during years of 2005–2006. These agents had a positive influence on fruits quality and yielding to all tested cultivars. The fruits with exception of Tytanit treated fruit especially in the beginning of harvest, were characterized by better firmness and were bigger. However, Tytanit treatment increased soluble solids content in fruits and reduced in Polka cv. nitrates concentration. Among tested cultivars, cv. Polka was characterized by the highest yield, that was of c. a. 50% greater that of cv. Pokusa, which was characterized by the gratest fruits sizes. The ‘Poranna Rosa’ shawed the least soluble solids and vitamin C content and had the highest acidity.
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Asahi SL stimulates plant’s vital processes like growth and development, affects physiology and biochemistry, what often leads to increased biomass accumulation and yield. However, common is opinion that application of this preparation could be beneficial only, when treated plants are grown under unfavorable conditions. Therefore the aim of this work was the assessment of the stimulatory effect of Asahi SL on Arabidopsis thaliana L. and ornamental amaranth plants grown under optimal conditions. Plants treated with Asahi SL were higher and more advanced in development, particularly generative. Biomass accumulation was greater after biostimulator application mainly due to better photosynthetic apparatus efficiency, which was manifested by (i) greater leaf area, (ii) higher total chlorophyll content and (iii) increased intensity of photosynthesis. Effect of Asahi SL on chlorophyll a fluorescence was marginal. Despite of higher transpiration and lowered stomatal resistance the RWC was almost unchanged in biostimulator treated plants what was attributed to increased water uptake. Obtained results clearly showed that Asahi SL applied on plants can also be effective and beneficial when they are grown under optimal conditions.
The chemical composition of strawberry fruit depends mainly on cultivar, fruit maturity degree and climatic conditions in the growing period. Fruit quality is also determined by a cultivation technology. The influence of two biostimulants (Atonik SL and Betokson Super 050 SL), which were used separately, in combination with each other or with the liquid fertilizer InsolCa, on yielding and fruit quality of two strawberry cultivars: ‘Senga Sengana’ and ‘Kent’, was tested. Betokson Super 050 SL + InsolCa tended to improve the yield of both cultivars. Significant differences compared to the control were evident especially in 2001. Fruits of ‘Senga Sengana’ started ripening later and had more ascorbic acid, anthocyanins and acidity than ‘Kent’. The use of Betokson Super 050 SL + InsolCa improved the content of ascorbic acid, anthocyanins and sugar as well as acidity in strawberries of both cultivars. The use of Betokson Super 050 SL + Atonik SL significantly increased the content of ascorbic acid and sugar in fruits of both cultivars. ‘Kent’ strawberries also responded to the treatment with an increase in anthocyanin content and acidity.
Seaweed extracts have been recently introduced to crop growing, particularly to sustainable agriculture, in many countries worldwide. However, our knowledge of the action produced by Kelpak is only fragmentary as it is influenced by a number of factors, for example crop plant species and extract application schedule. Our objective was to determine the effect of Kelpak SL on the content of selected microelements in two grass species. A field experiment was arranged in a randomized subblock design (split-split-plot) with three replicates. It was conducted at the Experimental Unit of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce (Poland) and started in late April each year. The following factors were examined: pure stands of two grass species Dactylis glomerata L. (cv. Amila) and Festulolium braunii (K.Richt.) A. Camus (cv. Felopa) grown in a monoculture, a biostimulant distributed under the trade name Kelpak SL, applied at 2 dm3 ha-1 (no biostimulant in the control treatment), and nitrogen applied at 50, 100, 150 kg ha-1 (no nitrogen in the control). During the experiment, grass was cut three times a year. The plant material was subjected to chemical analyses to assess dry matter (by determining the moisture content), zinc, copper, iron and manganese. The application of Kelpak significantly increased the Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn content in the grass species tested, regardless of the remaining factors. The grass species did not differ significantly in their content of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn. The concentrations of the microelements in both species were significantly affected by a dose of nitrogen. At higher nitrogen doses, the concentrations of Zn, Cu and Fe were lower, unlike the content of Mn, which increased. The Fe:Mn ratio in the dry matter of both grasses was 2.79, which indicates some manganese deficiency.
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