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The evaluation concerned usable parts of dill plants, cultivars Amat, Ambrozja, and Lukullus, grown in five cycles. The dill was sown on 10th April, 10th May, 10th June, 10th July, and 10th August. Harvesting was carried out when the plants were 25 cm in height, i.e. within 36-45 days of sowing. The basic discriminants of the chemical composition were determined in leaves of dill alone and in those with petioles. Leaves of dill when compared with leaves with petioles contained far greater amounts of dry matter, total sugars, dietary fibre, and total and protein nitrogen, smaller differences concerning ash, titration acidity, reducing sugars, and starch.
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Aggressive behaviors in domestic cats (Felis catus)

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Aggressive behaviors in domestic cats (Felis catus) Behavioral issues of cats include: furniture scratching, aggression, anxiety, over-stimulation, exaggerated vocalizations and excreting outside the litter box. Among these, aggression - both passive and active – is the most commonly encountered problem. Aggressive behavior is a complex phenomenon, dependent on both genetic and environmental factors. Among the factors leading to agonistic behavior two categories are distinguished: psychobiological factors (which include biochemical and physiological processes, disposition and mood, emotional reactions, motor actions and vegetative reactions) and environmental factors (such as incorrect socialization, unfriendly surroundings or irresponsible animal owners) . The most widespread type of aggression in cats reared in groups is linked to the desire to gain and maintain their territory. Another type of agonistic behavior is one born out of fear, exhibited by cats in a crisis situation once there is no escape route, and the animal is certain it has to fight to survive. This behavior differs from others in that aggression is here the last resort and not the first response to a disturbing situation. Another source of aggression may be anxiety caused by a sudden change in the environment, the presence of people and other animals. An interesting type of aggression linked to the natural hunting sequence of cats is aggression during play, which especially affects cats during adolescence. While working with an aggressive animal, a caregiver has a range of different mitigating and calming measures at hand, but their proper selection requires experience and cooperation with a veterinarian and a behaviorist).
Working time in conditions of exposure to hazardous factors is an important element indispensable for the evaluation of human exposure in the working environment. Agricultural work is accompanied by co-occurrence of many risk factors threatening farmers' health, e.g. dust, elements of the thermal environment, noise, vibration, chemical and biological agents. Biological factors cause diseases with contagious, allergic or immuno-toxic backgrounds which constitute the majority of farmers' occupational diseases registered in Poland. Exposure to hazardous factors in agricultural working environment is due to contact with plants, animals and organic wastes, more precisely - with microbes, plant and animal particles present in aerogenic agricultural dust, as well as pathogens of contagious and invasive diseases present in contaminated soil, water and plants. Data concerning the duration of farmers' exposure to biological and other factors of the working environment were obtained with the use of the Private Farmer Work Chart. Time-schedule observations concerned an annual work cycle. The study covered 30 farms with the following production profiles: plant (Group A), animal (Group B) and mixed production (Group C). The total working time was: in Group A - from 106-163% of the legal working time; in Group B - from 75-147%; in Group C - from 136-167%. Among 48 work activities contributing to the full working cycle among the farmers examined, 15 activities were accompanied by 5 factors. These were mainly field activities which covered plant harvesting and fertilizing, chemical plant protection, as well as cultivation activities. Agricultural dust and elements of the thermal environment were the environmental factors most frequently accompanying agricultural work, followed by contact with biological factors, noise, vibration, and chemical agents. Biological factors are a specific element associated with 19 work activities, mainly the spreading of manure, animal breeding and plant harvesting. Farmers' working time in conditions of exposure to these factors in the group of plant producers was 51% of the total working time on average, among animal breeders - 80% and in the case of mixed production - 77%.
The Cordyceps genus includes many species of fungi, most of which are endoparasitoids on arthropods. The distribution of these fungi is cosmopolitan, but many occur in regions such as Asia with a hot, humid climate. These pathogens of insect pests are promising candidates for use as biological control factors. Entomopathogenic fungi including the famous Cordyceps sinensis produce bioactive compounds. Lately Cordyceps sinensis was renamed Ophiocordyceps sinensis. This fungus has a long history as a medicinal fungus. It germinates in a living host, kills and mummifies the larva, and then grows from the body of the host. Is known in Tibet as the “winter worm, summer grass”, or “Caterpillar fungus” (Yartsa gunbu). Collecting Ophiocordyceps has become an important source of money for local households in Nepal. Ophiocordyceps sinensis is cultivated as an anamorph for its medicinal and pharmaceutical properties in an artificial medium on an industrial scale. Ophiocordyceps compounds have immunostimulating properties and antitumor activity.
In mutation breeding of chrysanthemum the regeneration in vitro of adventitious shoots from ligulate florets can lead to the separation of chimera components and, as a result, to producing a new original cultivar. The success of that method considerably depends on the result being the number of the shoots formed. The more is produced, the greater the chances for an effective separation of chimera components and creating a new stable cultivar. The present research defines the effect of such factors as the inflorescence development stage, the type of the explant as well as the position of its inoculation on the increase in the efficiency of adventitious shoots regeneration. The ligulate florets of Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam. ‘Cool Time’ were inoculated on the Murashige and Skoog [1962] medium supplemented with 2 mg·dm-3 BAP and 0.5 mg·dm-3 NAA. There was shown no significant effect of the inflorescence development stage (incompletely open with a partially visible disk or with the entire visible disk in which tubular florets do not produce pollen or completely open in which two or half of the whorls of tubular florets produce pollen) on the shoot regeneration efficiency. Most shoots regenerate on transversely- or lengthwise-cut into half or on the entire pierced ligulate florets – horizontally inoculated, with the abaxial side on the medium.
The content of chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, and beta-carotene was determined in leaf blades of Hamburg and leaf-type parsley from 10 harvests carried out in 3 years of cultivation considerably differing in the pattern of weather conditions. In the fresh matter of leaves of the Hamburg parsley the content of chlorophylls was 11% greater than that in the leaf-type, with the ratio of chlorophylls a : b as 1:0.48 in the Hamburg and 1:0.49 in the leaf-type. The content of carotenoids and beta-carotene was greater by 5 and 9%, respectively, in leaves of the leaf type parsley, although in general the differences were statistically non-significant. The maximum deviations from the average varied ranged from -16 to +40% for total chlorophylls, -40 and +32% for carotenoids, and -34 and +59 for beta-carotene.
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