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The soil sample was collected from the paddy field of Sriperumbudur, Tamilnadu which is having a history of repeated pesticide applications. The isolation of efficient pesticide degrading bacteria was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The growth of the three pesticide degrading isolates was assessed in Minimal salt broth containing 25 ppm of pesticides. Two popularly used pesticides Metribuzin and Profenofos were selected for this study. Among the three bacterial isolates, the bacteria Bacillus subtilis utilized the pesticides effectively and showed maximum growth. The growth of the three pesticides degrading isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis was assessed in Minimal salt broth containing 25 ppm of pesticides at different temperature levels (25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C & 55 °C) and pH levels (pH 4, pH 5, pH 6, pH 7 & pH 8) and carbon sources (Lactose, Dextrose, Fructose, Mannose & Galactose) and nitrogen sources Peptone, Yeast extract, Beef extract, Malt extract and Casein respectively. The maximum growth rate of bacteria was recorded at 35 °C and pH 6. The maximum growth of bacteria was in the presence of Dextrose followed by Fructose, Galactose and Mannose. The least growth was recorded in Lactose broth culture. The maximum growth of bacteria was in the presence of Malt extract followed by Peptone, Yeast extract and Casein. The least growth was recorded in Beef extract broth culture. The bacterial isolates showed maximum growth in the Minimal salt broth containing Profenofos followed by Metribuzin.
The aim of performed investigation was to evaluate the influence of changes in herbicide application system on herbicide residues in soil and sugar beet roots. Chemical weed control in sugar beet was carried out by herbicides that included substances such as phenmedipham, desmedipham, ethofumesate, metamitron, triflusulfuron and surfactant adjuvant applied in three different systems: two times application at bare soil (preemergence) and postemergence application (weeds in phase of 2-4 leaves) - system "A", 3 times split, postemergence application (full dose of herbicide mixture) - system "B" and 4 times application at 7 to 10 day intervals starting at the beginning of weed emergence - system "C". Samples of soil and roots of sugar beet were taken at the day of lifting. Herbicide residues were analysed using HPLC with UV-detection. At lifting time, in soil samples, where herbicides were applied in system "A", the residues of metamitron amounted from 0.0097 to 0.0132 mg/kg. Sum of all detected residues of applied substances amounted 0.0341-0.0458 mg/kg. In sugar beet root samples, the residues amounted to respectively, 0.0049-0.0064 and 0.0136-0.0247 mg/kg. The application of herbicides in "B" and "C" systems caused a significant decrease of residues by about 50% (system "B") and 65% (system "C") on average, in comparison with results obtained for herbicide application in "A" system. Residues of active substances determined in roots of sugar beet did not exceed acceptable limits (MRLs).
We investigated an effect of the direct impact of a constant magnetic field on wastewater properties modification. Wastewater from two sources (differing in physical and chemical properties) was used in the experiment. Analyses regarded the impact of a constant magnetic field on the properties of wastewater prepared from powdered milk and on the composition of sewage taken directly from municipal sewage system. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory scale with the use of the technological systems comprised of magnetic activators of liquids. An obvious and regular reduction was observed in COD (25-55%), chlorides (25–40%), N-NH4 (50-66%), P-PO4 to the values of 3.37-6.00 mg/dm3, and a considerable increase of Fe concentration. The parameters of both magnetically-treated wastewater types were modified to a similar degree and displayed analogous modification tendencies.
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