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This review discusses the problem of management of digested sludge with the use of various methods for the management, including extrusion cooking. Extrusion cooking as a method of management of digestate can be an innovative approach to this topic. Until now there have been no studies on the use of the extrusion process to convert anaerobic digestion sludge. The extrusion process plays an important role in the transformation of materials on an industrial scale. An agricultural biogas plant can produce up to several tons of digested sludge per year (depending on the size of the installation). The most common method for utilisation of this kind of material is the use thereof as a fertiliser. However, this solution requires large areas of farmland. The best methods for conversion of digested sludge are those allowing the separation of the solid part from the liquid part. One of these methods consists in obtaining pellets in the extrusion process.
Рекомендации по биотехнологии сбраживания сложных субстратов на основе отходов животноводства и перерабатывающей отрасли ограничены и не служат основой для разработки биотехнологического оборудования. Исследования биотехнологического процесса ферментации многокомпонентных субстратов имеют методические особенности. В сравнении исследованы одно- и двухкомпонентный субстраты на основе куриного помета, а также установлен верхний предел количества нового субстрата. Разведение куриного помета сывороткой позволяет повысить количество сбраживаемого сухого вещества без снижения стабильности реализации биотехнологического процесса.
Технологии выращивания кукурузы на силос с применением методики UNIDO, позволяет определить возможности снижения химического воздействия на биомассу в процессе ее выращивания, уборки и подготовки к сбраживанию. Применение СР – технологии способствует уменьшению использования пестицидов и биологическая защита от насекомых, экологический эффект достигается за счет прямого посева кукурузы, частичного (В30) или полного (В100) перехода на дизельное биотопливо.
Providing the optimal temperature is a means of increasing the effectiveness of methane fermentation processes. The use of an electromagnetic microwave field enables energy to be directed to a mixture of anaerobic sludge and processed biomass this reduces energy losses. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of electromagnetic microwave radiation in stimulating thermal conditions in anaerobic reactors, on the effectiveness of methane fermentation process of microalgae biomass and on the qualitative composition of biogas produced. The quantity of gaseous metabolites of anaerobic bacteria produced in both experimental variants (convective and microwave heating) averaged approximat’s 450 cm³ g⁻¹ VS. The electromagnetic microwave radiation proved to have an immediate impact on the improvement in the qualitative composition of biogas produced. The stimulation of thermal conditions using electric heaters resulted in a methane contetnt of 65% in biogas, whereas the use of microwaves assured ca. 69% in sewage gas.
The effectiveness of biogas deposit formed during methane fermentation of municipal sewage sludge has been conducted. In this investigation the amount of the biogas occurring in the process as well as its content depending on the temperature of the realized process have been determined. In addition, possibilities of process stabilization have been defined by determining the degree of the decomposition/degradation of the dry matter and organic dry matter of a deposit being fermented for each of the examined temperatures ranging 270°C to 510°C. Besides, the output and material efficiency of the process in the function of the examined temperatures have been determined.
This study was undertaken in order to determine the effects of the constant magnetic field (CMF) on the effectiveness of dairy wastewater treatment under anaerobic conditions. It demonstrated that increasing the value of the magnetic flux in the analyzed range resulted in an increasing effectiveness of the fermentation process. Magnets with induction of 0.38 [T] elicited significant changes in the analyzed parameters of methane fermentation. The magnetic field (MF) was observed to positively affect the sedimentation process of anaerobic sludge, reduced COD concentration in the effluent, and biogas production rate. In the most effective variant, the content of suspended matter in the treated wastewaters was reduced by 26.1% and the effectiveness of COD removal increased by 14.0%, compared to the variant without the application of the physical factor. Magnetic induction of 0.431 caused significant changes in the analyzed parameters of the methane fermentation process.
In the article determination of the commodity policy concept is considered. The main task of the article is to present all necessary terms of commodity policy and its determinants. As well the basic problems about creating of the companies of sugarbeet subcomplex has been outlined. Expandable of assortment of sugar plants is considered, including production of bagasse, molasses and biofuel.
Проведен анализ условий, влияющих на интенсификацию процесса метанового сбраживания. Определена степень влияния на эффективность производства биогаза и его тепловую ценность температурного режима метантенка, сырьевой базы, перемешивания, наличия коферментаторов
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