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Biomass is a readily available, renewable and environmentally friendly source of energy. Exploiting renewable organic matter for energy production is showing a growing tendency worldwide including in Hungary. Forest plantations with large numbers of plants (short rotation coppices) that provide a homogeneous, locally available raw material of various fast growing deciduous wood species are broadly supported. In our research we have investigated the financial viability of a short rotation energy forest plantation in the Kunság region of Hungary. Both the EU and Hungary provide economic incentives for the creation and propagation of bio-energy producing facilities. Our results show that the enterprise could not generate profit for the period examined without the help of such subsidies. There are several obstacles that farmers are facing such as the initial high capital outlay, technological shortcomings of the harvesting methods, high logistics costs and suppressed purchasing prices.
The paper presents the current state of the law as regards the production of energy from renewable energy sources in Poland. In this light, development conditions of a relatively new industry, i.e. solid biofuel production, are presented. Organizational conditions (availability and supply of raw material) and legal regulations were the basis for the assessment of the chances of successful implementation of a new, innovative product. Bearing the above in mind, the idea of a new type of solid biofuel, which is to be produced by EcoPowerPlant Company, is described.
In Poland the market in wood biomass for energy purposes is characterised by large cognitive gap concerning wood biomass supply, despite the growing importance of this subsection of the wood and energy markets. The article presents the results of research on the supply of wood biomass for energy purposes in Poland in 2010 and forecasted supply by 2015. The research process utilised model approach, relating to supply of wood biomass by the main sources of its production.
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Rapeseed growing for energy purposes in Ukraine

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The article presents the results of research of a solution to the problem of reducing energy dependency and replacing traditional sources of fuel production to agricultural ones. Nowadays it is very important not only for Ukraine but for most countries of the world. That is why the rapeseed as a row material for biodiesel fuel is a practical alternative being renewable and very productive. The analysis of the current situation of rapeseed growing, its processing and possible trends for the future industry are shown. Factors that can contribute to creating the conditions necessary to support these trends are grounded. Calculation results of rapeseed growing efficiency for bio-energy purposes in agricultural enterprises are displayed. It is proved that the rapeseed growing has the highest efficiency in the variant of its processing for biodiesel.
Recently the supply situation of agricultural products has received increased attention due to a growing world population, the rising demand for animal products, an increased use of biomass for bioenergy production, highly volatile market for agricultural and food products and climate change, among other things. Therefore, a proper method to represent the total agricultural production is required. With this in mind, this paper provides an international comparative survey of procedures that aggregate agricultural production. In order to identify international best practices with regard to accounting agricultural production, monetary and physical aggregations to measure food supply are analysed. Based on the international comparison, we identify the Austrian feed database and the French model “Foresight feed” as advanced methodological approaches.
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Combustion of plywood waste in a low-power boiler

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The article presents the results of experiments aimed at the identification of the influence of the share of phenol and amine resins in burnt fuel mixtures from wood waste along the basic parameters of the process of their thermal oxidation in a low- -power boiler. Differences in the composition of combustion gases from the burning of waste from “virgin” wood and plywood manufactured using urea-formaldehyde (UF) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) glues were observed.
Interest in the use of biomass for energy has increased significantly in the last few years. The latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change highlights the influence mankind has had on the climate: an unprecedented increase in GHG levels in the last 800,000 years and a rise of 40% in CO2 concentrations since pre-industrial times. The challenge now is to find energy alternatives, and in this context, one important option is bioenergy, one of the most important energy sourcesof the future. In light of this, the goal of this paper was to assess the sustainable potential of woodfuel resources in Italy using WISDOM methodology. WISDOM, developed by the FAO, has been applied in many countries around the world. From this study, at national level, household consumption was at 19.3 Mt in 2003 (averagevalue), while the potential supply of woody biomass (productivity) was 24.9 Mt(average value), with a surplus of almost 6 million tons between household consumption and productivity. This study represents an advance in knowledge of the biomass potential for energy use in Italy, and, as such, is subject to possible future improvement. Forest bioenergy development creates good opportunities to mobilize the production potential of European forests, and to contribute to a more climate-friendly, bio-based economy.
The future of agriculture is clearly connected with the production of food, feed, biomaterials, bioenergy, rare components like biopharmaceuticals and enzymes. Avery important aspect is the "unknown", which means the production of goods which we are not familiar with today. This brings up the subject of GMOs. The obvi­ous questions are: do we need GMOs and what kind of GMOs are necessary - GM plants, GM microorganisms, or GM animals? We have to recognize the different ways of using GMOs: direct consumption (food), indirect consumption (feed), raw materials (energy, biomaterials), and valuable components (like enzymes). The effects of GMOs are very different; the most visible one is the effect on the economy. There are also social, legal, environmental, international as well as religious, and mental effects that are very important. These "effects" are closely related to potential "dan­gers", both real (documented and reproducible) and imaginative (invented and not documented). To sum up, I would like to state the following: There is no way to avoid genetic engineering, and bioeconomy is the key to the future. However, we all have the right and privilege of free choice.
The research employed a negative binominal count data model approach to analyse the determinants of bioenergy innovations with a special focus on the effect of energy and climate policies. A panel of 14 OECD countries were analysed using patent counts for the period 1978–2009 as a proxy for innovations. The policies examined were feed-in tariffs, quota obligations and different types of investment support schemes. The study found that feed-in tariffs affected innovation positively but quota obligations did not. The results regarding investment support programs were ambiguous since the dummy variable representing strong investment policies was statistically significant whereas the continuous variable for investment support schemes was not. Another finding was that electricity prices seemed to be an import-ant determinant of innovation and that the accumulated stock of knowledge in the bioenergy sector also had a positive impact on bioenergy innovation.
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