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1

Evaluation of morphological indices and total body electrical conductivity to assess body composition in big brown bats

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Pearce R. D., O'Shea T. J., Wunder B. A.
Acta Chiropterologica
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2008
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tom 10
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nr 1
Bat researchers have used both morphological indices and total body electric conductivity (TOBEC) as proxies for body condition in a variety of studies, but have typically not validated these indices against direct measurement of body composition. We quantified body composition (total carcass lipids) to determine if morphological indices were useful predictors of body condition in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). We also evaluated body composition indirectly by TOBEC using EM-SCAN® technology. The most important predictors of body composition in multiple regression analysis were body mass-to-forearm ratio (partial r2 = 0.82, P < 0.001) followed by TOBEC measurement (partial r2 = 0.08, P < 0.001) and to a minor extent head length (partial r2 = 0.02, P < 0.05). Morphological condition indices alone may be adequate for some studies because of lower cost and effort. Marking bats with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags affected TOBEC measurements.
2

A comparison of conventional capture versus PIT reader techniques for estimating survival and capture probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

100%
Ellison L. E., O'shea T. J., Neubaum D. J., Neubaum M. A., Pearce R. D., Bowen R. A.
Acta Chiropterologica
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2007
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tom 09
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nr 1
We compared conventional capture (primarily mist nets and harp traps) and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging techniques for estimating capture and survival probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) roosting in buildings in Fort Collins, Colorado. A total of 987 female adult and juvenile bats were captured and marked by subdermal injection of PIT tags during the summers of 2001–2005 at five maternity colonies in buildings. Openings to roosts were equipped with PIT hoop-style readers, and exit and entry of bats were passively monitored on a daily basis throughout the summers of 2002–2005. PIT readers ‘recaptured’ adult and juvenile females more often than conventional capture events at each roost. Estimates of annual capture probabilities for all five colonies were on average twice as high when estimated from PIT reader data ( p̂ = 0.93–1.00) than when derived from conventional techniques ( p̂ = 0.26–0.66), and as a consequence annual survival estimates were more precisely estimated when using PIT reader encounters. Short-term, daily capture estimates were also higher using PIT readers than conventional captures. We discuss the advantages and limitations of using PIT tags and passive encounters with hoop readers vs. conventional capture techniques for estimating these vital parameters in big brown bats.
3

Microsatellite genotypes of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus: Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) obtained from their feces

100%
Vege S., McCracken G. F.
Acta Chiropterologica
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2001
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tom 03
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nr 2
Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were genotyped from their feces using three sets of microsatellite primers. Genotypes obtained from bat fecal DNA consistently matched the genotypes obtained from DNA extracted from wing membrane tissue of the same bat. Identical microsatellite genotypes were also obtained from multiple fecal DNA samples from the same bat. DNA obtained from feces using a modification to the DNeasy tissue kit (Qiagen) amplified from 92% (83/90) of the samples upon the first PCR. The use of fecal DNA provides opportunities for addressing ecological and behavioral questions for animals that are difficult to capture, rare, or endangered.
4

The influence of a local temperature inversion on the foraging behaviour of big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus

80%
Arbuthnott D., Brigham R. M.
Acta Chiropterologica
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2007
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tom 09
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nr 1
To maximise foraging efficiency, it is reasonable to expect animals to forage in the highest quality patches. Insectivorous bats should therefore travel to and forage at sites with the highest insect abundance. Since insects are ectothermic, their levels of activity should be higher in warmer areas, making these high quality patches for bats. A nightly temperature inversion occurring in the Cypress Hills (Saskatchewan, Canada) presented an opportunity to test our hypothesis that big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) select foraging sites based on temperature as a proxy for insect abundance. If temperature is an important determinant of the foraging behaviour of E. fuscus, we expect bats to forage in the warmest site closest to local night roosts. We tracked 18 bats for a total of 111 nights over two years and found that individuals often spent at least some of each foraging bout in an area where the temperature inversion was small or non-existent. Bats sometimes travelled up to 11 km to reach this site. Foraging in areas where the temperature inversion was small provides indirect evidence that local temperature fluctuations are not a major influence on the selection of foraging area by E. fuscus. Also, since there was little difference in the temperature between the nearby predicted foraging sites and actual foraging sites, we argue that the effect of temperature on insect activity cannot be used to predict foraging habitat selection by these bats. We found that the insect community of the foraging area was different than that of the roosting area, and that beetles were more abundant in the foraging site. Our data suggests that insect community composition is potentially a stronger direct influence on bat foraging behaviour than is temperature.
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Birds and bats using buildings as a place of breeding or shelter

51%
Janus K., Lesinski G.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science
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2018
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tom 57[1]
Birds and bats using buildings as a place of breeding or shelter.The presence of birds and bats was analysed in buildings intended for thermal refurbishment. Study material was collected in the years 2012-2016 in 336 buildings from 11 voivodships. For detailed analyses concerning birds, data from three voivodships were selected: kujawsko-pomorskie, łódzkie and mazowieckie. To determine differences in the location of bat roosts, buildings from all voivodships were compared. Bird nesting places and daytime bat roosts were divided into 22 locations. Regional differences in the occupation of buildings were analysed. For comparison, the analysed buildings were divided into churches, tenements, public buildings, and residential blocks. Buildings used by birds were also compared with respect to the degree of urbanization of their surroundings. Species-specific differences in their preference for occupying buildings of different types were analysed in birds. Birds were found in 78.9% of buildings and bats – in 8.9% of buildings. 2,250 bird nests in 265 buildings and over 1,000 bats in 30 buildings were inventoried. The bird species most often found in buildings were: the swift Apus apus (40.5%), house sparrow Passer domesticus (31.7%) and jackdaw Corvus monedula (9.9%). Bat species found in buildings included: the common noctule Nyctalus noctula, serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus, lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros, pipistrelles Pipistrellus and long-eared bats Plecotus. The house sparrow most often inhabited buildings in kujawsko-pomorskie voivodship and the swift most often inhabited buildings in mazowieckie and łódzkie voivodships. Birds in kujawsko-pomorskie voivodship most often built their nests under roofs and birds from mazowieckie and łódzkie voivodships in flat roof spaces. A total of 31 bat roosts were located in 30 buildings in five different locations. Bats most often occupied flat roof spaces and attics and least often occupied crevices behind the gutter.
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