Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Protective equipment: modifying farmers' behavior

100%

Ivory J., Hill M., Marvel L., Jenkins P., May J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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1994

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tom 01

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nr 2

2

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Importance of behavioral changes in identification of chronic pain and its causes in dogs – case report

88%

Karpinski M., Alchimowicz K., Wojtas J., Lojszczyk A., Garbiec A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica

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2021

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tom 20

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nr 1

3

Perception disorders and behavior changes in high-altitude mountaineers

75%

Banasiewicz T., Przybyl M., Holdys J.

Trends in Sport Sciences

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2014

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tom 21

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nr 1

High-altitude mountaineering involves exposure to reduced partial oxygen pressure, which leads to a number of psychical and physical disturbances in the climber’s body and has an impact on the function of the central nervous system. These disorders can be intensified by external environmental factors such as energy deficit, fatigue, high true altitude, stress and cold. The climber’s central nervous system can experience functional and morphological changes, mostly of a non-permanent character. All these factors can lead to perception disorders and changes of behavior in climbers as compared with their perception abilities and behaviors at lower altitudes. Problems with concentration, rational assessment of situations and one’s own capabilities – and in extreme cases – delusions or autistic symptoms may also occur. Emphatic behaviors of climbers at high altitudes seem to be seriously hindered, since their brain function focuses on survival. An assessment of ethical behaviors in such conditions is very difficult as humans normally behave ethically at “sea-level” where the brain functions properly in under appropriate partial oxygen pressure.

4

Changes in the behaviour of a male Eurasian badger: evidence in favour of the anti-kleptogamy hypothesis?

75%

Revilla E., Palomares F.

Acta Theriologica

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1999

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tom 44

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nr 4

We report a case of male badger Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) territorial expansion after the removal, by poaching activity, of a neighbouring male in an area of low badger density. The most plausible reason for the behaviour of this male is the gaining of the access to the females of the adjacent territory because: the male spent approximately half of his active time inside the new area, made a similar effort as the previous male in sleeping together with the new breeding female and did not use the summer-autumn feeding areas of the taken range. While considering that data have come from only one animal, it is discussed the key importance of female access against food resources and shelter when explaining male badger spatial behaviour, at least in low density populations.

5

Trends in consumer behaviour changes. Overview of concepts

63%

Szwacka-Mokrzycka J.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia

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2015

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tom 14

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nr 3

The aim of this paper is to review the approaches to the analysis of consumer behaviour conditions and to determine their suitability for segmentation analyses, with particular attention paid to the food market. The starting point for consideration is the placement of consumer behaviour in the theory of consumption, with emphasis on the contribution to its development by other scientifi c areas and disciplines. The next section is devoted to the overview of various classifi cations used to describe the determinants of consumer behaviour. In addition, the paper presents consumer typologies and their signifi cance in the process of segmentation. The last part of the study is devoted to the methods of assessment of the level of satisfaction of food needs.

6

Changes of internal temperature and locomotor activity under the conditions of endotoxin fever, pyrogenic tolerance and its suppression in pigeons

51%

Dudek K., Bednarek D., Soszynski D., Kozlowska M.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2011

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tom 67

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nr 01

The aim of the study was to investigate changes of internal temperature and locomotor activity of birds in conditions of endotoxin fever, pyrogenic tolerance and its suppression. The experiment was performed in pigeons (n = 12). On the first day of the experiment a state of endotoxin fever was evoked. The pigeons were categorized into two groups: experimental and control. The first group of the animals (n = 8) received Escherichia coli LPS intravenously once at the dose of 10 µg/kg b.w. whereas the control pigeons (n = 4) were administered in the apyrogenic saline intravenously once at the dose of 1 ml/kg b.w. On the second and third day of the experiment the state of pyrogenic tolerance was induced in the pigeons and their internal temperature and locomotor activity were investigated. To this end the experimental group of birds received E. coli LPS intravenously twice at 24 h intervals at a dose of 10 µg/kg b.w. Conversely, the control pigeons were twice treated with saline (1 ml/kg b.w.). On the fourth day of the study an attempt of pyrogenic tolerance suppression in the pigeons was carried out. The experimental birds with the stable state of pyrogenic tolerance were then categorized into two subgroups. The first subgroup (n = 4) received Salmonella Abortusequi LPS intravenously at the dose of 10 µg/kg b.w., whereas the second one (n = 4) - E. coli LPS at a double amount of the pyrogen (20 µg/kg b.w.). The control pigeons were administered S. Abortusequi LPS in an analogical dose as the first experimental subgroup. Results of the study indicated the occurrence of endotoxin fever and depression of locomotor activity of the pigeons in response to the first injection of E. coli LPS. The third administration of the pyrogen stabilized the state of pyrogenic tolerance, manifested by the reduction of the increased internal temperature and the stimulation of pigeon locomotor activity. Whereas in the state of stable pyrogenic tolerance in pigeons the intravenous injection of the other exogenous pyrogen, i.e. S. Abortusequi LPS, and also the double dose of E. coli pyrogen caused the suppression of the tolerance and the restoration of endotoxin fever in the birds.

7

Behavioral, ultrasonic, and cardiovascular responses of male wistar rats in different social and emotional contexts after ultrasonic playback

51%

Filipkowski R. K.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2019

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tom 79

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nr Suppl.1

Rats are social animals that use ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) to communicate. USV are usually divided into 50 kHz calls which accompany appetitive states, and 22 kHz vocalizations which are usually associated with aversive states. Both kinds of states are known to affect animals’ heart rate (HR). Also, the polyvagal theory claims that both cardiovascular parameters and USV emission is affected by the autonomous system, as they share a common signaling pathway. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in behavior, HR, and USV emission after playback of ultrasounds. Male Wistar rats were housed in pairs or separately for 4 weeks, and some of the animals underwent fear conditioning. Animals were implanted with DSI telemetry transmitters for acquisition of cardiovascular parameters. After recovery, rats were subjected to ultrasounds playback consisting of initial 10 min of static silence and five sets of 10 s sounds (50 or 22 kHz), either natural, collected from animals, or artificial tones, separated by 5 min silence intervals. Video, audio, and cardiovascular parameters were collected. Surprisingly, presentation of both 50 and 22 kHz sounds induced approach behavior. Both single- and pair-housed animals responded with a larger number of USV to both natural and artificial 50 kHz sounds playback rather than to 22 kHz sounds. The emitted USV were, almost exclusively, within the 50 kHz range. Animal HR levels decreased gradually during the experimental session. Single‑housed animals had, in general, higher HR than paired rats. There was an impact of every kind of ultrasonic presentation on HR levels; in general, 50 kHz ultrasonic playback caused a sudden increase in HR, whereas 22 kHz presentations evoked a HR drop. Surprisingly, USV and artificial tones had similar effects on HR and USV responses. Social context did not appear to alter rats’ USV emission. The results following fear conditioning are being analyzed. Also, in a separate set of experiments, rats ultrasonic responses were analyzed following presentation of a defined number of pre‑recorded USV.

8

The effect of amphetamine sensitization on mouse immunoreactivity

51%

Kubera M., Filip M., Basta-Kaim A., Nowak E., Budziszewska B., Tetich M., Holan V., Korzeniak B., Przegalinski E.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2002

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tom 53

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nr 2

Recent studies indicate a role of the immune system in the behavioral effects of amphetamine in rodents. In the present study we attempted to find a connection between the behavioral changes induced by repeated, intermittent administration of amphetamine and some immunological consequences of sensitization to amphetamine in mice. Male Albino Swiss mice were treated repeatedly (for 5 days) with amphetamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). On day 9, they received a challenge dose of amphetamine (1 mg/kg). Acute administration of amphetamine increased their locomotor activity by ca. 40%. In animals treated repeatedly with amphetamine, the challenge dose of the psychostimulant induced behavioral sensitization, i.e. the higher locomotor activation as compared with that after its first administration to mice. Immune functions were evaluated by the ability of splenocytes to proliferate and to produce cytokines such as interferongamma(IFN-gamma ), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. Acute amphetamine administration significantly decreased, by ca. 30% and 25%, the proliferation of splenocytes in response to an optimal and a suboptimal dose of concanavalin A (Con A), respectively, and increased their ability to produce IL-4. Chronic intermittent treatment with amphetamine significantly decreased, by ca. 65% and 50%, the proliferative response of T cells to an optimal and a suboptimal dose of Con A, respectively, and diminished by 20% the metabolic activity of splenocytes. The above data showed that both acute and chronic amphetamine administration diminished some aspects of the cell-mediated immunity; nevertheless, immunosuppression was particularly evident in amphetamine-sensitized mice. Our findings seem to indicate possible importance of monitoring and correcting immune changes in the therapy of amphetamine addiction.

9

Behavioural changes after ablation of subdivisions of the rat prefrontal cortex

51%

Mogensen J., Divac I.