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27 Tabanidae species occur in Puszcza Borecka. Most of them are common European species. Rare forms occuring there are: Chrysops divaricatus, Hybomitra tarandtna, H. auripila, H. nitidifrons, H. montana, H. clureai, Tabanus spodopterus i Haematopota scutellata. Chrysopian flights in the forests take place from the end of May until mid-August, with a peak in mid-July. The insects are most active at noon. The highest abundances of Tabanidae have been recorded in mixed forests, the lowest in dry felling sites.
Diachlorini s. str. have a disjunctive distribution in the world, their occurrence being limited to 4 centres: American, Mediterranean, South African and Oriental-Australian. Speciation and dispersal centres are only found in tropical areas in South America and New Guinea. Diachlorini s. str. do not occur on the Asian continent, except for the Indian Peninsula (belonging to the Oriental Region) and a small stretch of the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea (belonging to the Mediterranean region). Relationships between the taxa of individual regions are discussed.
Bicentric versus monocentric concept of Tabaninae evolution are discussed. Recent division of the subfamily, including redefinition of the tribe Lepidoselagini, opened the possibility of tracing plesiomorphic taxa In Northern Hemisphere. 9 such genera with 26 species are distributed in Holarctic. They occur chiefly in arboreal centers. The disjunction of Glaucops Szil. and partly of Ochrops Szil. indicates preglacial occurrence of the tribe in Northern Hemisphere.
Diachlorini are distributed in 8 vegetation zones, but it is only in Neotropis that they occupy the entire environmental range. Plesiomorphic, intermediate and apomorphic character states in Diachlorini were discussed. The definition of ancestral forms is based on plesiomorphic character states. Their occurrence in Australia is indicated by intermediate character states in east Australia and New Caledonia. A four-step similarity analysis resulted in two clusters of closely related plesiomorphic taxa, one including Cydistomyia TAYL. and Nubiloides COSC.& PHIL., and the other with Cydistomorpha TROJ. as the basis for all other clusters, but nearest to Neotropical Stenotabanus LUTZ-related taxa. Similiarity analysis confirmed the hypothesis of much closer morphological relations between South American and Australian taxa, than between Australian and South African ones. Transantarctic hypothesis is confirmed.
24 species of horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are reported from Wyskok near Węgorzewo in the Masurian Lakelands. The dominant species were Hybomitra ciureai, H. muehlfeldi and Haematopota pluvialis.
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