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In this paper some of the more important properties of aerosols and their influence on the human organism are described. Sample results of measurements of the pollution with airborne particulate matter, conducted in Lublin (March and April 1999) and Kozlowka (June 1999) are presented. Measurements of the imission of airborne particulate matter were carried out with a GRIMM 1.105 apparatus for two chosen fractions of solid phase dispersion, i.e. PM10 (solid phase radius is smaller or equal to 10 mum) and AP (radius of solid phase particles which are easily deposited in alveoli. See Figure 1).
Biebrza National Park (BNP) in NE Poland is one of the least polluted regions of Europe and as such seems to be well suited for the determination of the composition of natural-background pollution of atmospheric dust. Samples of fallen dust were collected at monthly intervals between April 2003 and March 2004 in the isolated settlement of Grzędy. X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope images, and energy dispersive spectrometry revealed quartz, feldspars, micas, kaolinite, chlorite and hematite as major dust constituents. In addition, a few grains of Ni, Ni-Fe phosphide, and Fe-Ni-Cr oxides (probably of extraterrestrial origin) were observed. Anthropogenic constituents include amorphous aluminosilicates, barite, gypsum, Sn, Fe, Ti and Bi-W oxides. Quartz and feldspars constitute the majority of natural-dust pollution in BNP. Both grain size and mineral composition exhibit seasonal variations.
We observed, both in the leaves and roots of the vegetables examined, that the concentration of fluoride was in each case higher in vegetable samples in Łosień, 6 km from the “Katowice” Steel Works (fluorine emitters), than in the vegetable samples grown in Nowy Sącz, 200 km from the “Katowice” Steel Works (in the area of relatively low fluorine pollution). The highest F content was characteristic of beet (Beta vulgaris) leaves and root samples, the lower one was found in celery (Apium graveolens) leaves and root samples and the lowest one in savoy (Brassica oleracea) leaf samples. The highest and lowest F- concentrations in the leaf samples examined was c.a. 33 mg/kg D.W. (beet leaves from Łosień of 1995) and c.a. 11 mg/kg D.W. (savoy leaves from Nowy Sącz of 1996). Moreover, it was found that the observed growth of F- concentration in the savoy leaf samples, both from Łosień and Nowy Sącz, correlated with an increase of nitrogen concentration in them.
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