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The paper presents research results into quantities of branches and tree tops forming logging residues as well as the calorific value, moisture and ash contents of chips burned in a fluidal boiler. The results showed that logging residues make up 17% of the above ground tree biomass, which gives about 52.8 t/ha. The calorific value of the wood chips was 7.8 MJ/kg for fresh material, 12.9 MJ/kg for chips after 4 month storage time and 16.2 MJ/kg after storing the chips for 8 months. The ash from chips burned in a boiler with a fluidised bed contained 62% of silicon dioxide, resulting from the filling role of sand in the fluidal bed. The share of CaO was 6%, MgO – 2.8% and N2O – 0.4%.
The results of flow experiments for several kinds of ash are presented. The experiments were carried out on the two laboratory stands at the Institute of Environmental Engineering, Agricultural University of Wroclaw. The pressure drop, limit deposit velocity, mixture density distribution in a cross-section of pipeline and pump characteristics are measured during these experiments. The measurements of density distribution were carried out by means of a device based on radiometric scanning, which enables us to determine these parameters without causing disturbances in the flow. The problem of limit concentration between Newtonian and non-Newtonian behaviour of mixtures is also discussed. The results of investigations into parameters of hydrotransport of ash and brine mixture in pipelines (80 and 100 mm) are presented. The investigations were carried out on the test laboratory installation at the Silesian Technical University of Gliwice.
In this paper the analytical methods and procedures were chosen for determining Hg, Be, Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Cr, Zn, Mo and Cl, Br in ashes, fly ashes and slags of hard coals. For Hg CV AAS, for As GFAAS and for other elements, FAAS methods were recommended.
Charophytes possess the capacity to store large amounts of various elements, but until today no studies about known methods of determining CaCO₃ and elements in charophytes have been conducted. Because of the large and varying amounts of CaCO₃, it is difficult to estimate the actual element content in dry mass. Simple comparisons of elements in charophyte plant tissue or between charophytes and higher plants are impossible. The main aim of this study was to investigate through laboratory experiments content of carbonates and elements in charophyte tissue using different methods of decomposition (mineralization). The proposed protocol: determination of calcium carbonate content in plants, determination of elements present in the plant dry mass, and calculation of the element content in the plant dry mass as described.
The objective of the study was to estimate the nutritive value and the functional traits of new lines of naked barley. The study comprised the grain of 23 lines of naked barley and two registered model cultivars – naked cv. Rastik and husked cv. Stratus. In samples of grain from a field experiment, from three consecutive harvest years, assays of the content of total proteins, crude fat and minerals were performed. Special attention was focused on the basic functional traits of the grain – the content of total dietary fibre and its fractional composition, analysing the content of the soluble and insoluble fractions in a water solution of enzymes and in an acid environment. It was demonstrated that the husked cultivar had a higher content of minerals (2.22% d.m.), total dietary fibre (TDF) (22.18% d.m.), AIDF fraction (4.75% d.m.) and SDF fraction (18.09% d.m.). The naked lines were characterised by a higher content of proteins (from 10.15 to 12.05% d.m.), fat (from 1.55 to 1.94% d.m.), and by a more favourable fraction composition of dietary fibre. Compared to the grain of husked barley, a significantly higher content of WSDF (from 5.51 to 7.86% d.m.) and (1-3)(1-4)-β-D-glucans (from 5.51 to 7.86% d.m.) was demonstrated. Lines STH 4561, STH 4671 and STH 4676 proved to be especially applicable for the production of functional food; they are characterised by a high content of the desirable chemical components and a high stability of the traits studied over the whole period of the experiment. Therefore they are an excellent source of genes for further breeding work.
Metabolic activities of the museum and autochthonous strains of T. ferrooxidans bacteria, growing at temperatures 5, 10, 30 and 40°C in a liquid culture medium adjusted to pH 1.55, 1.8 or 2.3, were compared. The analysis of the dynamics of ferrous ion oxidation as well as bioextraction rate of titanium contained in wastes resulting from mining and burning lignite was carried out. The autochthonous bacteria proved to be less susceptible to temperature changes and medium acidity than the museum bacteria.
In ash internodes isolated from vertical stems during winter dormancy, cambial activity was stimulated by applying an aqueous solution of auxin to the apical end and water to the basal end. The internodes maintained nearly horizontally produced cambial callus at the apical cut surface with more callus on the upper half although both halves were in contact with the same concentration of auxin. A differential response to auxin of the cambium in the upper and lower halves of the horizontally oriented internodes is postulated.
The influence of fly ash from the "Karolin" heat and power producing plant in Poznan on the kinetics of processes taking place with involvement of the bacteria Desulfotomaculum ruminis and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been studied under laboratory conditions. The results indicate that the presence of fly ash has an inhibitory effect on the processes related to the microbiological conversion cycle of sulphur compounds and can be used as biocides in the processes of microbiological corrosion of materials.
It was found that red clover utilizes from 1.1 to 1.4 kg of CO2 from the atmosphere to produce 1 kg of dry mattter. This means that 1400 to 1600m3 of atmospheric air become completely purified from carbon dioxide. Red clover plants usually lose 40.9% of their crop weight during the winter. This results from organic carbon loss equal (in CO2 units) to 41.8% for physiolopical processes. In the same period however, the ash fraction, larger grows as a simple consequence of actual carbon loss. It is reasonable to assume that the plants do intake mineral compounds from the deeper, not frozen horizons of the soil also during winter.
Celem pracy było wyznaczenie współzależności między zawartością popiołu i przewodnością elektryczną wybranych miodów pszczelich. Do badań wykorzystano 46 próbek miodów pszczelich różnych odmian: akacjowy (2), gryczany (4), lipowy (3), rzepakowy (6), wielokwiatowy (13), wrzosowy (2), nektarowo-spadziowy (3), spadziowy (5), malinowy (1), mniszkowy (1), eukaliptusowy (1), kasztanowy (1), lawendowy (1), pomarańczowy (1), rozmarynowy (1) i jedwabny (1). Próbki miodów zakupiono w warszawskich sklepach detalicznych lub pozyskano bezpośrednio od pszczelarza. Zawartość popiołu w analizowanych próbkach mieściła się w granicach od 0,03% do 0,99%, natomiast przewodność elektryczna kształtowała się od 0,10 mS·cm-1 do 1,52 mS·cm-1. Wyniki badań pozwoliły stwierdzić, iż ścisła zależność pomiędzy przewodnością właściwą a zawartością popiołu sugeruje równoważność obu metod do wyznaczania sumy składników mineralnych, dzięki czemu można znacznie skrócić czas analiz wykorzystując konduktometrię do oznaczania zawartości popiołu.
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