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It has been suggested that some microorganisms may play a role in the etiology or progression of atherosclerotic plaques. The purpose of this study was to assess for the presence of Helicobacter pylori and cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in vascular-wall specimens obtained during autopsy. Four to 5 mm long samples from 3 different vascular wall specimens (coronary, carotid and abdominal aortas) of 30 patients (23 male, 7 female) were taken for pathologic and microbiologic investigations during autopsy. H. pylori DNA was found in 48.2% atherosclerotic and 19.6% non-atherosclerotic vascular wall specimens, whereas CMV DNA was found in 37.9% atherosclerotic and 32.7% non-atherosclerotic vascular wall specimens. In terms of CMV DNA detection, no statistically significant differences between the atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic groups were present (P>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference between the atherosclerosis and non-atherosclerotic groups in terms of H. pylori DNA in coronary and abdominal aorta arteries (p = 0.016 and p = 0.0029 respectively) but not in carotid arteries (p= 1.00). In conclusion, the correlation between H. pylori and atherosclerosis could be suggested. These finding warrant further investigation regarding the role of H. pylori in atherosclerosis.
A microscopic study was carried out on 10 specimens of visceral and superior mesenteric arteries and their branches, taken from domestic pigs. Some thickenings in the middle tunic of the visceral artery and its main branches were observed. The thickenings appeared at intervals of about 2 cm and were even several centimetres long. The structure of the thickenings was similar. Besides numerous circularly arranged elastic fibres, it contained clusters of modified myocytes located under the stratifying internal elastic membrane. In cross-sections, the myocytes, lying perpendicularly to the proper muscle layer, looked like epithelial cells, and due to that, they were defined as epithelial muscle cells. They formed a distinct ring around the vessels (superior mesenteric artery). They may play the regulatory function in relation to the circularly arranged myocytes.
Atherosclerosis, once believed to be a result of a slow, irreversible process resulting from lipid accumulation in arterial walls, is now recognized as a dynamic process with reversibility. Liver-directed gene therapy for dyslipidemia aims to treat patients who are not responsive to currently available primary and secondary prevention. Moreover, gene therapy strategies have also proved valuable in studying the dynamics of atherosclerotic lesion formation, progression, and remodeling in experimental animals. Recent results on the long-term effect of gene therapy suggest that hepatic expression of therapeutic genes suppresses inflammation and has profound effects on the nature of the atherogenic process.
Background: Data about the structure and immunohistochemistry of the lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs), although very important for medical research and clinical practice, have been rarely reported in literature. Materials and methods: Fourty serially sectioned LSAs were stained with hematoxilin and eosin, and prepared for immunohistochemistry. Results: Our examination revealed a typical endothelial lining and a narrow subendothelial space with subintimal smooth muscle cells occasionally. The internal elastic lamina was fragmented or absent in the smallest LSAs branches. The media coat, with a mean diameter of 148.5 μm, contained typical smooth muscle cells which formed 14.2 layers on average and showed a positive immune reactions for alfa-actin, desmine, laminin and collagen IV. The thin adventitial coat contained fibroblasts, collagen fibers, and nerve bundles, with the strongest immunopositivity to thyrosin hydroxilase. The immune reactions against CD31 and CD34 proteins, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, S 100 protein, neurofilament protein and synaptophysin, seem to be performed in the LSAs wall for the first time. Similarly, the thickness of the LSAs wall and its coats have never been reported, nor the number of the smooth muscle cell layers. Conclusions: Our results related to the structure and immunohistochemistry of the LSAs could be important in cerebrovascular pathology, neurology and neurosurgery. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 3: 210–216)
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