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1
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Arbutin in Serratula quinquefolia M.B. [Asteraceae]

100%
Nowak G., Nawrot J., Latowski K.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
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2009
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tom 78
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nr 2
137-140
Genus Serratula is known for the presence of steroid compounds which belong to the group of ecdysones. Former phytochemical works from the late sixties and early seventies indicate, in some Serratula species, the occurrence of a phenolic glycoside-arbutin. This has been confirmed in the present work through finding an α,β-arbutin anomer in Serratula quinquefolia M.B. New botanical data concerning the classification of genus Serratula suggest that the species in question should be regarded as belonging to genus Klasea (currently a section of genus Serratula). There has been an attempt to find a key to the chemical division within the taxons.
2

Glucosylation of hydroquinone to arbutin by hairy roots of Physalis ixocarpa

86%
Bergier K., Polaszczyk B., Gajewska E., Wielanek M., Krolicka A., Sklodowska M.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
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2008
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tom 524
P. ixocarpa hairy root cultures were obtained after the transformation with A. rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834. The ability of P. ixocarpa hairy roots to biotransform HQ to arbutin was examined. The roots were treated 3 times with the same HQ concentration on 3 consecutive days or every 3 days. Despite these differences the highest arbutin yield and the highest biotransformation ratio were similar in both variants, 13.1 and 14.4 mg·25 cm⁻³ of the cultures and 67.6% and 70.6%, respectively. However, in the case of shorter intervals between treatments the highest levels of these parameters were achieved earlier. Multiple treatment of lower HQ concentration reduced its harmful effects on root biomass growth.
3
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Involvement of salicylic acid in defense response of BTH- and arbutin-treated Cucumis sativus against Pseudomonas syringe pv. lachrymans

72%
Wielanek M., Gajewska E., Wagner M., Kuzniak E., Sklodowska M.
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
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2013
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tom 94
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nr 3
4

Arbutin production in Ruta graveolens L. and Hypericum perforatum L. in vitro cultures

72%
Piekoszewska A., Ekiert H., Zubek S.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2010
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tom 32
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nr 2
Optimization of conditions for hydroquinone biotransformation into its β-ᴅ-glucoside, arbutin, in agitated shoot cultures of Ruta graveolens L. and Hypericum perforatum L. allowed us to obtain a maximum content of this important therapeutic and cosmetic product of 7.8 and 7.2% (dry weight), respectively. These contents are higher than respective values required for standardization of known arbutin-containing plant raw materials according to the European Pharmacopoeia and national pharmacopoeias of European countries.
5
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The influence of BTH and arbutin on PAL activity and phenolic compounds content in cucumber leaves infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans

72%
Sklodowska M., Wielanek M., Gajewska E., Kuzniak E.
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
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2013
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tom 94
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nr 3
6

Biotransformation of hydroquinone to arbutin in plant in vitro cultures - preliminary results

58%
Skrzypczak-Pietraszek E., Szewczyk A., Piekoszewska A., Ekiert H.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2005
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tom 27
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nr 1
Cells from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. (Asteraceae), Exacum affine Balf. f. (Gentianaceae), Melittis melissophyllum L. (Lamiaceae), Ruta graveolens L. and Ruta graveolens ssp. divaricata (Tenore) Gams. (Rutaceae) agitating cultures perform a biotransformation reaction on exogenously supplied hydroquinone into its β-D-glucoside – arbutin, product with valuable medicinal and cosmetic properties. The maximum content of arbutin (determined by HPLC) in the biomass from investigated cultures is 4.01; 3.44; 1.79; 2.48 and 5.07 g/100 g d.w., respectively. Nothing but Ammi majus L. (Apiaceae) cultures contain trace amounts of the product. Arbutin is accumulated in cells; it is occasionally found in media only in vestigial amounts. In most of the investigated cultures the efficiency of the biotransformation process is about 60 %.
7

Chemical characteristics of three species from the family Ericaceae originating from natural site

44%
Roslon W., Suchorska-Tropilo K.
Herba Polonica
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2007
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tom 53
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nr 3
The content of polyphenols compounds in leaves in populations of red whortleberry (Vac- cinium vitis- idaea L.), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva- ursi (L.) Sprengel) growing wild in Mazury and Podlasie were compared. *7 The highest content of arbutin and tannins was characteristic for bearberry leaves, the highest content of polyphenolic acids was characteristic for bilberry and flavonoids for red whortleberry. Significantly higher content of arbutin and tannins was characteristic for raw materials collected in autumn.
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