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The authors investigated the influence of 9 species of aquatic plants (Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, Lemna minor, Nuphar luteum, Potamogeton natans, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Sparganium ramosum, Stratiotes aloides) on the occurrence of aquatic zoosporic fungus species in the water of three water bodies of different trophy. The fewest fungi were noted in the containers with Potamogeton natans (9), Elodea canadensis (15) and Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (16), the most in containers with Sparganium ramosum (23), Lemna minor (24) and Nuphar luteum (25). More fungi were found to grow in the containers with 7 plants than in the controls (the mean ratio of Co/Pl ranged from 1.7/3.7 to 6.7/8.7). However, for Potamogeton natans and Sparganium ramosum, control samples contained more fungus species. The mean ratio for the samples with Potamogeton natans was 5.7/2.7 and with Sparganium ramosum – 6.3/5.4.
The importance of the Hyphomycetes Fungi Imperfecti stems from their crucial role in purifying both flowing and standing waters, which can balance the effects of eutrophication. The purpose of the present work was to analyze Hyphomycetes populations in the 11 fish ponds, each with different leaves and dead plant composition. The research was carried out in autumn 2001 and spring 2002. We investigated water samples from fish farms in Northeastern Poland. In breeding the fungi some water plants and bulrushes from the ponds were used. We discovered 79 species of Fungi Imperfecti. Eight of which appeared to be new to Northeastern Poland. In addition, pathogenic species: Alternatria sp. and Fusarium sp. were also found. The most optimum conditions for the Hyphomycetes representatives were found in the ponds overgrown by numerous water plants and bulrushes. It confirms that saprophytic Fungi Imperfecti play an active role in decomposition of dead plants, and purification of each pond’s water. Keywords: Hyphomycetes fungi, plants, ponds.
Habitat studies were conducted on three rare plant communities dominated by Nuphar pumila, Nymphaea candida and Hydrilla verticillata in lakes of north-eastern Poland. The comparison of habitat properties of these three types of phytocoenoses with those of Nuphar lutea common in the area under study was also performed. It was demonstrated that the plant communities studied were ecologically distinct. The habitats of the phytocoenoses of N. pumila differed most significantly from those of the other phytocoenoses. They often inhabited softer waters poor in Mg2+, dissolved SiO2, but rich in total Fe, PO43−, NO3−, and were associated with acidic substrates containing lower levels of Ca2+ and Na+, but greater amounts of total Fe and NO3−. The differences in the habitats of H. verticillata and N. candida phytocoenoses were most pronounced in the case of four properties of water: Na+, K+, Cl−, and Mg+. Their values were lower in waters of the H. verticillata phytocoenoses. The habitats of all the three types of rare phytocoenoses differed considerably from those of N. lutea. The most significant differences were found between the N. lutea and N. pumila phytocoenoses and the smallest differences were between the patches of N. lutea and N. candida. The properties of water were more important in differentiating the habitats of the phytocoenoses studied than the substrate properties. Due to alkalization and increase in water hardness in the lakes studied the stands of N. pumila are among the most threatened. The patches of N. candida and H. verticillata, which occur in waters with a wider range of hardness and tolerating a slight increase in trophy, can still continue to persist in the lakes for a long time.
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