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The authors investigated the mycoflora developing on the dead specimens of four species of benthos crustaceans. Ninety-five zoosporic fungus species were found to grow on the fragments of crustaceans investigated. Out of these 95 species, 27 are known as parasites or necrotrophs of fish. Four fungus species were recorded for the first in Polish waters.
The authors investigated zoosporic fungi developing on the pollen grains of 36 taxons of gymnosperm plants in three bodies of water of various trophic state. A total of 83 zoosporic fungus species were noted, with predominance by the Peronosporales (39) and Chytridiales species (29). Twelve fungus species were recorded for the first time in Polish waters.
Fungi occur in almost all types of waters in the world and play an important role in many processes in the environment, particularly in organic matter decomposition. During the last several decades, extensive knowledge was obtained on the ecology of aquatic fungi, but on fungal biomass in the water column less. The study was aimed at simultaneous determination of seasonal and spatial variability of aquatic fungi biomass in the river waters in relation to selected physicochemical water parameters and trophic state in the 27 lowland rivers of north-eastern Poland with length between 17 and 308 km and mean annual discharge 1 – 100 m³ s⁻¹. The chemical and mycological evaluation was provided on the basis of 64 water samples taken in the July and October 2010. The chromatographic method of determination of seston ergosterol as a specific organic compound typical for the majority of fungi, was applied. Fungi biomass was higher in summer than in autumn. The particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations had no effect on fungal biomass in the studied river, as well as forest cover of the catchment and river discharge. Statistically significant correlations of fungal biomass in the river water with concentrations of ammonium (N–NH₄⁺), Kjeldahl (NKjel), total organic (TON) and total nitrogen (TN) and dissolved (DP) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) were found. The principal component analysis indicates relations between (TIN) and phosphorus (SRP) and particulate phosphorus (PP) and freshwater fungi, specially in summer when aquatic fungi are able to modify the structure of the nutrients contained in the water column.
Progressive degradation of water ecosystems may contribute to the propagation of fungi pathogenic to humans and animals. The aim of this study was a quantitative evaluation and identification of species of potentially pathogenic fungi in the littoral zone of the Sulejów Reservoir used as recreation site. We studied samples of surface water and sediments collected from 6 sampling sites of the reservoir in the years 2000 and 2001. In 2000, fungi were isolated from 82.7% of samples, while in 2001 from as many as 95.4%. There were 28 species representing genera: Candida, Cryptococcus, Geotrichum, Kloeckera, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, and Trichosporon. The most common species were Rhodotorula glutinis and Candida guilliermondii. The density of the population of identified species depended on the season and sampling site and ranged from 80 to 328000 cells/dm³ (also uncountable growth). The waters of the Sulejów Reservoir may be a covenient place of anamorphic developmental forms, for the 15 cultured species which can also propagate in humans and other mammals.
The rare fungus Aqualinderella fermentans was recorded from the fruits and seeds of 24 species of plants in nine bodies of water of various trophic states in northeastern Poland. This species was recorded for the first time in Polish waters and for the second time in Europe. Our study shifts the range of Aqualinderella fermentans to the north (53°52’N, 22°58’E) from the subtropical and tropical zones where it is known to occur.
The importance of the Hyphomycetes Fungi Imperfecti stems from their crucial role in purifying both flowing and standing waters, which can balance the effects of eutrophication. The purpose of the present work was to analyze Hyphomycetes populations in the 11 fish ponds, each with different leaves and dead plant composition. The research was carried out in autumn 2001 and spring 2002. We investigated water samples from fish farms in Northeastern Poland. In breeding the fungi some water plants and bulrushes from the ponds were used. We discovered 79 species of Fungi Imperfecti. Eight of which appeared to be new to Northeastern Poland. In addition, pathogenic species: Alternatria sp. and Fusarium sp. were also found. The most optimum conditions for the Hyphomycetes representatives were found in the ponds overgrown by numerous water plants and bulrushes. It confirms that saprophytic Fungi Imperfecti play an active role in decomposition of dead plants, and purification of each pond’s water. Keywords: Hyphomycetes fungi, plants, ponds.
The authors investigated the mycoflora developing on the carapace, muscles, brain and eggs of four species of crayfish. At total of 70 aquatic fungi was noted. Three species are new records for Poland. The highest number of fungus species develop on all body parts of crayfish in September, the lowest number in April.
The live and dead tissues, and trapped leaf litter by the epiphytic tree fern Drynaria quercifolia associated with riparian tree species of Konaje (west coast) and Sampaje (Western Ghat) streams of India during dry (summer) and wet (monsoon) seasons yielded 37 species of water-borne conidial fungi on bubble chamber incubation. Dead bracket leaves of fern possess the highest species as well as conidia in Konaje, while the trapped leaf litter in Sampaje. During summer, the diversity was highest in bracket leaves in both locations, while in monsoon season it was highest in rhizomes of Konaje and in trapped leaf litter in Sampaje. Even though the conidial output from tissues of Drynaria and trapped leaf litter were not equivalent to stream submerged leaf litter, the species richness ranged between 40% and 75% in Konaje and Sampaje streams. As stable epiphyte, Drynaria exposed to wet and dry regimes in tree canopies of west coast and Western Ghats likely to serve as host for perfect states of water-borne hyphomycetes.
The authors described and illustrated 8 rare aquatic fungus-like organisms of the order Lepto­mitales (Chromista), which were isolated from the water of nine water bodies of different trophy of north-eastern Poland: Apodachlya punctata, Apodachlyella completa, Araiospora spinosa, Mindeniella spinospora, Nellymyces megaceros, Rhipidium europaeum, Sapromyces androgynus, and Sapromyces elongatus.
The mycoflora developing on the hair of wild and domestic animal species in the water of 6 limnologically different water bodies was investigated under laboratory conditions. 123 zoosporic fungus species were found to grow on the hair investigated, including 27 chytridiomycetes, 1 hypochytriomycetes, 93 oomycetes, and I zygomycetes fungus. The most common fungus species included Rhizophydium keratinophilum, Rhizophydium nodulosum, Blastocladiopsis parva, Catenophlyctis variabilis, Aphanomyces irregularis, Aphanomyces kerathinophilus, Saprolegnia ferax, and Zoophagus insidians. Rhizophydium keratinophilum and Aphanomyces irregularis were found on the hair of all the animals examined. The most fungi were noted to grow in water from lake Komosa (59), the fewest in water from spring Cypisek and spring Jaroszowka (each 49). Out of these 123 species, 33 are known as parasites or necrotrophs of fish. Twelve fungus species were recorded for the first time in Poland.
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