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Apricot is an important crop in Italy and, especially in Southern regions, in the last five years numerous plantings using new cultivars and appropriate cultural management have been established. The cultivars available were created in different environments (USA, France, New Zealand, etc), they then often show low adaptability to Italian conditions. However, in the South of Italy, it is still possible to safeguard and to exploit a considerable amount of the apricot genetic variation available in ecotypes often characterised both by useful bio-agronomic traits and by good environmental adaptation. These genetic materials could be used in breeding programs aimed at broadening the harvest period and obtaining high fruit quality and resistance to the main biotic and abiotic stresses.
Self-incompatibility is common in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars of Central Asian and Irano-Caucasian ecogeographical groups, while cultivars of European group are traditionally considered as self-compatible. However, the number of known self-incompatible cultivars of the European group has increased rapidly over the last two decades. This can be explained by using Asian or North American self-incompatible cultivars in breeding programs that aim to create new genotypes with the traits including: Plum Pox Virus resistance, frost tolerance, increase of the sugar content or extending the harvest time. In this work self-(in)compatibility was tested in 38 apricot cultivars. Pollentube growth in pistils pollinated in laboratory was analysed using fluorescence microscopy. Cultivars were considered self-compatible if at least one pollen tube reached the ovary in the majority of pistils. In self-incompatible cultivars growth of pollen tubes in the style of pistil stopped along with formation of characteristic swellings. Of the examined cultivars, 17 were self-compatible, and 21 were self-incompatible.
The preliminary studies were conducted in the years 2006-2008 at the Fruit Experimental Station of Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. One year old trees of Harcot, Hargrand and Bergeron cultivars grafted on Pumiselect® vegetative rootstock were planted in spring 2006, at a spacing of 4.0 x 3.2 m (780 trees∙ha-1). The experiment was established in a randomized block design in 4 replications with 3 (ʻBergeronʼ) or 4 (‘Harcot’, ‘Hargrand’) trees per plot. The trees of all estimated cultivars started cropping in the third year after planting but the obtained yields were not too high. ‘Harcot’ and ‘Bergeron’ produced only some fruits. The significantly highest crop per tree and largest fruit were recorded for ‘Hargrand’. ‘Bergeron’ trees produced clearly the smallest sized apricots. ‘Harcot’ proved to be the most vigorous cultivar. The weakest growth was noted for ‘Bergeron’. The highest per cent of dead trees was observed for ‘Hargrand’, the lowest one for ‘Harcot’. However ‘Harcot’ showed to be very susceptible to bark and wood diseases. ‘Bergeron’ fruits were very susceptible to peach scab.
Fruit apricot dimensions, weight, size and shape are the most commonly measured pomological properties. The size and shape features of 13 apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars and promising Serbian selections grown in Western Serbia were investigated using a multivariate analysis. The apricots promoted fruits wider than long in shape, except ‘Harcot’, ‘T 7’, ‘Précoce de Tyrinthe’, ‘Roksana’ and ‘Vera’, whereas all cultivars and selections are wider than thick. Most of cultivars and/or selections tend to round shape. Mean values for fruit and stone weight, flesh rate, geometric mean diameter, kernel weight, sphericity, aspect ratio, surface area and volume ranged from 37.09 to 81.60 g, 2.71 to 4.18 g, 91.93 to 96.46%, 41.76 to 65.08 mm, 0.60 to 1.17 g, 0.94 to 1.03, 95.04 to 108.09%, 55.13 to 133.77 cm2 and 38.31 to 145.10 cm3 , respectively. For the most of attributes evaluated, ‘Roksana’ had the highest values. A high correlation was found among some physical attributes. According to their 22 properties, the apricots grouped into five clusters. There was either relative independence or close correspondence among the evaluation indexes of apricot fruit quality. Principal components analysis showed that the first three principal components variance accumulation contribution rate amounted to 85.77%, which reflected most of the size and shape characteristics of apricots.
It has been well known that some fungal pathogens (Monilia laxa, M. fructigena, Cytospora cincta), larvae of Grapholita molesta and plant hormone - ethylene, induce gummosis in apricot shoots. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) was also found to induce gummosis in apricot shoots as well as biotic and abiotic factors mentioned above. In order to know the mode of action of JA-Me on gum induction and/or formation, chemical composition of polysaccharides (after hydrolysis) in gums of apricot shoots induced by JA-Me compared with those by ethephon and their mixture, and naturally occurring ones was studied, resulted in the succesful identification of monosaccharides, and the similarity of a composition consisting of xylose, arabinose and galactose at molar ratio 1 : 10 : 14, respectively. These results suggest that beside different inducers of gum in apricot the mechanism of polysaccharides biosynthesis of gums is the same or similar. The physiological role for JA-Me on gum induction and/or formation in apricot shoots, and other species are also discussed.
This study was conducted in Malatya, between 1999 and 2003, and the region's most important dried apricot variety, Hacihaliloglu was used as material. In the study, the effect of 5 different combined or alone pruning treatments on the growth, fruit quality and yield characteristics were determined in comparison with non-pruned trees. Pruning treatments in different periods did not statistically affect phenological features and fruit dimensions but strongly affected total soluble solid and fruit firmness of Hacihaliloglu apricot cultivar. The highest average yield considering trunk cross-sectional area was obtained as 0.34 kg·cm-2 from pre-harvest summer pruning treatment and the highest share of flower bud was observed as 68.29% in pre-harvest summer+winter pruning treatment. Pruning applications significantly affected both shoot diameter and length. The highest shoot diameter and length were obtained from pre-harvest summer+winter pruning application as 8.52 mm and 77.84 cm, respectively. The highest leaf area was determined as 39.43 cm2 in post harvest pruning treatment.
Tarsonemus amygdali n. sp. (Acari, Tarsonemidae) is described and illustrated based on the material of females and a male. This new species was found in galleries of the bark beetle Scolytus amygdali (Insecta, Coleoptera, Scolytidae), infesting plum and apricot trees in Iran. The systematic position of the new species and its biogeography are briefly discussed.
A field experiment was carried out during 2017–2018 in the Horticulture Research Station farm in El Kanater El Khayreia, El Kalubeia Governorate, Egypt, to find out the response of foliar application of melatonin, GA3 and NAA on vegetative and fruit attributes of ‘Canino’ apricot. Different plant growth regulators influenced all variable parameters related to vegetative growth and fruit. Results revealed that between all growth regulators, the foliar application of melatonin following by GA3 there was the highest vegetative growth as compared to other treatments, while GA3 gave the highest yield following by melatonin as compared to other treatments. Treatment with NAA improved vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality to a lesser extent as compared to the control.
Kolekcję moreli założono wiosną 1997 roku w Sadzie Doświadczalnym w Dąbrowicach. Rośnie w niej ponad 100 odmian uprawnych, klonów selekcyjnych i drzew nasiennych. Każdy genotyp reprezentują 4 drzewa szczepione na siewkach ałyczy. W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę 14 najwcześniejszych odmian moreli, których termin dojrzałości zbiorczej owoców przypada na trzecią dekadę czerwca oraz pierwszą połowę lipca. Należą do nich odmiany: Early Orange - odmiana standardowa, Early Blush, Czewniewyj, Sambirskij, Soledane, Priusadebnyj, Wczesna z Kiernozi, Tomcot, Peche de Nancy, Manitoba, Pietropawłowskij, Melitopolska Wczesna, Wczesna Rejmana, Orangered.
Studies concerning the occurrence of Anarsia lineatella on peach trees planting were carried out in the vicinity of Lublin in 2008–2009. Pheromone traps of Delta type were used to catch males. The study results revealed the presence of two generations of peach twig borer. The moth flight of particular generation was extended in time and lasted about one and a half month. Because of growing of peach and apricot cultivations, a large area of plum trees planting in our country and the possibility of occurrence of these pest on apple trees regular monitoring should be carried on.
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